6.1 Chemical bonds Flashcards

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1
Q

define molecule

A

a group of 2 or more atoms joined together

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2
Q

define covalent bond

A

a bond made when a pair of electrons is shared by 2 atoms

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3
Q

define dot-and-cross diagram

A

a diagram used to show a covalent bond between atoms in a molecule. Electrons are represented by dots or crosses

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4
Q

define ion

A

an atom which has gained at least one electron to be negatively charged or lost at least one electron to be positively charged

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5
Q

define ionic bond

A

an attraction between a positively charged ion and a negatively charges ion

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6
Q

explain why oxygen had the formula O2 and water has the formula H2O

A

Oxygen is represented as O2 because oxygen molecules typically exist in pairs. Water is defined as H2O because a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom.

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7
Q

“Only compounds are made up of molecules.”
Explain why this statement is wrong

A

Because molecules can be made with 2 atoms of the same element. (e.g. oxygen, hydrogen)

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8
Q

why is oxygen known as a ‘diatomic molecule’

A

because it exists as 2 atoms

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9
Q

why do sodium atoms have no overall charge?

A

because it has the same number of protons and electrons.

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10
Q

when sodium reacts with chlorine, ions are formed. Why?

A

Sodium and chloride form an ionic bond. An electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chloride atom and so both atoms become ionic and have a full outer shell.

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11
Q

Draw a diagram to show what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom to form magnesium oxide (MgO). What are the charges on each ion?

A
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12
Q

What is a cation?

A

positively charged ion (e.g Na +)

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13
Q

What is an anion?

A

negatively charged ion (e.g Cl - )

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