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Shruthi Science Final Exam Grade 8 > 1.1 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

1.1 Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are minerals or mineral salts?

A

They are nutrients that living organisms need in small amounts
for health, growth and repair.

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2
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

It is a change in which new substances are produced

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3
Q

What is a reactant?

A

It is a substance that changes in a chemical reaction
to form products

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4
Q

What is a product?

A

It is a substance that is made during a chemical reaction

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5
Q

What is another name for reactant?

A

Raw material

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6
Q

What is glucose?

A

It is a sugar made by:

a. digesting carbohydrates (in animals)
b. photosynthesis (in plants)

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7
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

It is a series of chemical reactions in which carbon dioxide and water
are converted to glucose and oxygen

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8
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

It is the green part of a cell that contains chlorophyll

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9
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

It is the green substance that absorbs light to get energy
for photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles from where there are many (high concentration) to where there are fewer (low concentration)

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11
Q

What is a guard cell?

A

It is a cell that helps to form stoma in a leaf, to allow gases in and out.

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12
Q

What is a stoma?

A

It is a hole in a leaf, formed between two guard cells.

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13
Q

What is a xylem cell?

A

It is a plant cell that is adapted to form hollow tubes to transport water.

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14
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

It is respiration that requires oxygen to release energy from glucose.

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15
Q

What is carbohydrate? Give two examples.

A

It is a nutrient needed for energy
Examples are:
1. starch
2. sugars (like glucose)

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16
Q

What is a compound?

A

It is a substance made from elements

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17
Q

What is an element?

A

It is a substance that contains only one type of atom

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18
Q

What is starch?

A

It is a large, insoluble carbohydrate made by plants to store energy.
It is an important energy source in human diets.

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19
Q

What is sugar?

A

It is soluble carbohydrate, which exists as small molecules.
Glucose is an example.

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20
Q

What is iodine solution?

A

It is a liquid that turns from orange to blue-black when added to starch.

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21
Q

What is hazard?

A

It is the harm that something may cause.

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22
Q

What is risk?

A

It is the chance of a hazard causing harm.

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23
Q

What does “anomalous result” mean?

A

It is a result that is very different from what you expect based on other results, perhaps because you made a mistake while recording it or something unexpected happened.

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24
Q

What does “ reliable” mean?

A

Measurements are reliable when repeated measurements give results that are very similar

25
Q

What does “ repeatable” mean?

A

Results that are the same each time they are taken, when the same method and equipment are used.

26
Q

Why do plants do not grow under the trampoline?

A

Plants require the following resources from their habitats:

Light
Warmth
Carbon dioxide gas
Water
Minerals

Because there is no light, plants do not grow under the trampoline

27
Q

Why are there not many plants in sandy deserts?

A

Because there is very little water.

28
Q

What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

29
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

30
Q

What makes chloroplasts green?

A

Chlorophyll

31
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll?

A

It absorbs energy from light.
This energy is used to power photosynthesis.
A lot of the energy is then stored in the glucose that is produced.

32
Q

What process in plants produces oxygen?

A

Photosynthesis

33
Q

What process do humans need oxygen for?

A

Respiration

34
Q

All organisms carry out seven life processes? For which of these do plants need carbon dioxide for?

A

Nutrition

35
Q

Write out a summary word equation for photosynthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water ————-> Glucose + Oxygen
Write “light” and “chlorophyll” in small letters above and below the arrow

36
Q

Why is light not a raw material for photosynthesis?

A

It does not change in photosynthesis to form a product.

37
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

If you light a wooden splint and blow it out, it glows. If you put the glowing splint into pure oxygen, it relights.

38
Q

Draw a diagram of a leaf cell and label the parts

A
39
Q

Draw a diagram to show how to collect the gas made by pondweed.

A
40
Q

Draw a diagram to explain how leaves are adapted for photosynthesis?

A
41
Q

What gas from the air needs to enter leaves through stoma for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

42
Q

Which cells bring liquid raw material for photosynthesis into a leaf?

A

Xylem cells in a vein carry water into a leaf

43
Q

What do we call water when it is a gas?

A

Water vapour

44
Q

Describe how a cell gets reactants for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses from air through stoma into the leaf
Water is carried by xylem cells in the veins of the plant to the leaf cells

45
Q

How do plants lose water from their leaves?

A

Xylem cells in a vein carry water into a leaf and into its cells.
Some water evaporates from cells and becomes a gas.
Water vapor diffuses out of the leaves via stoma
Since plants lose water through stomata they need a constant supply of water

46
Q

Pairs of guard cells open and close the stomata between them. In some plants stomata close if it gets very hot. Explain how this helps the plant?

A

It helps the plant by preventing loss of water.

47
Q

Carbon dioxide is a ———

A

compound

48
Q

What process in a plant cell produces carbon dioxide?

A

Respiration

49
Q

What elements does glucose (carbohydrate) contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

50
Q

By what process does a plant make glucose?

A

Photosynthesis

51
Q

Why does photosynthesis stop at night?

A

Because there is no light.
When photosyntheis stops, the plant uses starch to make other compounds, which it transports out of the leaves.

52
Q

When would you find most starch in the leaf? Why?

A

At the end of the day.
Plants use glucose made during photosynthesis to make starch.
Since maximum amount of glucose would have been produced at end of the day, maximum starch will be found at that time.

53
Q

How do you test for starch in a leaf?

A

Heat the leaf in ethanol. This removes chlorophyll and removing the chlrophyll helps to show the colour of iodine better.
Add iodine ; it changes from orange to blue-black colour.

54
Q

What do plants use glucose for?

A

Aerobic respiration
To make compounds, sometimes with the help of minerals

55
Q

Draw a diagram to show how to test leaves for starch?

A
56
Q

What happens if you keep a plant in a dark place for 2 days and then test the leaves for starch?

A

The results for presence of starch will be negative. Iodine will not change colour from orange to blue-black.

57
Q

Draw a table to show the hazards and how to control the risks with iodine and ethanol

A

Iodine - Stains Skin and Clothing, stings if it gets in your eyes
Wear eye protection, don’t touch and keep clothes away from it

Ethanol - flammable, don’t use near flames. Irritates eyes, Wear eye protection

58
Q

When a gas burner heats things, it gets very hot.
What is hazard of using a gas burner?

A

Fire, causing burns
Wear gloves and eye protection to prevent burns

Shruthi Science Final Exam Grade 8 (16 decks)

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