6.1-6.3

Question 1

what drives weather and climate?

Answer 1

almost 100% energy flows from sun
- a little from molten core and tidal energy

Question 2

~__% of sun’s rays are reflected back from earth’s surface

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

albedo

Answer 3

fraction of sun’s energy reflected or scattered back into space
- reflected from earth’s surface or atmosphere
- contributes to E’s energy balance

Question 4

~__ % of absorbed energy flows through the hydrologic cycle

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

how is energy absorbed/released in the hydrologic cycle?

Answer 5

• evaporation = water takes up energy
• precipitation from freshwater = water releases energy

Question 6

where are the effects of climate change the worst?

Answer 6

polar regions

Question 7

shorter wavelength =

Answer 7

higher temp

Question 8

steady balance of earth’s energy

Answer 8

constant flow of energy in/out = constant avg temps
- amnt of energy from sun –> earth = amnt of energy from earth –> space
- keeps temperatures cooler

Question 9

earth emits ___

Answer 9

blackbody radiation

Question 10

what wavelength(s) of light does earth radiate?

Answer 10

infrared light region = > 700 nm (earth = ~10,000 nm)

Question 11

what wavelength(s) of light does the sun radiate?

Answer 11

visible light region = (400-700 nm)

Question 12

energy flux from sun (S0) =

Answer 12

• amount of light/area
• = 1370 Wm^-2

Question 13

Stefan Boltzmann law

Answer 13

rate at which blackbody radiates energy 4th power of absolute temp

Question 14

Stefan boltzmann equation

Answer 14

S = kT4
- k = 5.67 x 10^-8 Wm^-2 x K^4

Question 15

what is earth’s surface temp?

Answer 15

288 °K = 15 °C

Question 16

greenhouse effect

Answer 16

atmosphere traps heat from radiating back = raises surface temp
- makes planet habitable (prevents world from freezing)
- enhanced too much, CO2 and ghgs increase trapping

Question 17

Total energy from sun =

Answer 17

15.1 x 108 TWh (terawatt hours)

Question 18

total energy reflected by atmosphere =

Answer 18

3.9 x 108 TWh

Question 19

photosynthesis energy =

Answer 19

0.024 x 108 TWh

Question 20

infrared radiation

Answer 20

earth re-radiates energy as infrared radiation
- beyond visible light spectrum
- long wavelength radiation = carrying heat

Question 21

blackbody radiation

Answer 21

radiation emitted from source that doesn’t generate any energy of its own (ex: earth doesn’t generate it’s own energy; receives from sun)
- amnt/type of energy emitted by objects at a certain temp

Question 22

infrared light wavelengths

Answer 22

> 700 nm

Question 23

visible light wavelengths

Answer 23

400-700 nm

Question 24

UV light wavelengths

Answer 24

< 400 nm

Question 25

wein’s law

Answer 25

peak wavelength (ƛ) = 2.9 x 10^6 nm*K / Temp (°K) = – nm

Question 26

wen’s law requires temperature in…?

Answer 26

Kelvin
- °K = T(°C) + 273

Question 27

% albedo (energy reflected back to space) =

Answer 27

0.3%