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chemistry of the environment > 13.2-13.3 > Flashcards

13.2-13.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the bonds between a cation and anion are…

A

STRONG, require high input of energy to break bonds = ↑ melting point

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2
Q

water molecules can strongly solvate __ and ___

A

cations and anions

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3
Q

anions

A

(-) ion

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4
Q

cation

A

(+) ion

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5
Q

anions interact w/ the __ side of water molecules

A

(+) side = H side

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6
Q

cations interact w/ the __ side of water molecules

A

(-) side = O side

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7
Q

strong acids release __ when dissolved in water

A

H+ (proton)

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8
Q

strong bases are also called

A

alkali

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9
Q

strong base release __ when dissolved in water

A

OH-

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10
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

strong base neutralizes strong acid

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11
Q

Autoionization reaction

A

strong acid neutralizes strong base

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12
Q

aqueous reactions are __ bc…

A

rapid bc water molecules are in constant motion and has the property that bonds can be broken/formed simultaneously

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13
Q

what determines the extent of reaction?

A

equilibrium constant

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14
Q

pH + pOH = 14 bc…

A

auto ionization requires equilibrium

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15
Q

K =

A

[products] / [reactant]

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16
Q

in pure water the only source of H+ and OH- is

A

autoionization (pure water molecules)

17
Q

pH of pure water =

A

7

18
Q

pH < 7 =

A

acidic

19
Q

pH > 7 =

A

basic

20
Q

what is the only natural form of pure water?

A

water vapor @ start of hydrologic cycle

21
Q

raindrops are not pure water bc they contain…

A

particles (nitrates/sulfates)

22
Q

rain has a __ pH bc

A

lower pH bc its @ equilibrium with atmospheric constituents

23
Q

strong acids ___

A

transfer complete proton

24
Q

Ka

A

(acidity constant)- equilibrium constant for acid dissociation

25
Q

the smaller the Ka, the __ amount of HA dissociates

A

smaller

26
Q

hydrolysis

A

base dislocation reaction (adding salt to water)

27
Q

Kb

A

base dissociation constant

28
Q

Kw

A

autoionization constant = Ka * Kb

29
Q

HA = and A- =

A

weak acid, conjugate anion of weak acid

30
Q

pH =

A

pKa - log (HA/A-)

31
Q

buffer solution

A

resists large pH changes when small amounts of other acids or bases are added to solution

32
Q

at the equivalence point in an acid-based titration…

A

[base] = [acid]

chemistry of the environment (17 decks)

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