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mod 6 > 6.1 > Flashcards

6.1 Flashcards

level 1 questions

1
Q

what is a ferrous material

A

alloy containing iron as its main ingredient and is magnetic

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2
Q

why can pure iron not be used in aviation

A

It is ductile and soft and reacts with oxygen

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3
Q

what else is needed to make iron from iron ore

A

coke and limestone with hot air

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4
Q

why is limestone used to make iron

A

to remove impurities

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5
Q

what is remelted to make steel

A

cast iron / pig iron

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6
Q

what needs to be removed from cast iron to make steel and how does it happen

A

the carbon needs to be removed and it is done by forcing oxygen through it

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7
Q

what percent is low carbon steel

A

0.1-0.3%

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8
Q

what percent is medium carbon steel

A

0.3-0.5%

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9
Q

what percent is high carbon steel

A

0.5-1.05%

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10
Q

what does tensile strength withstand

A

tension

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11
Q

what does compressive strength withstand

A

pressing/ squeezing

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12
Q

what does shear strength withstand

A

stress coplanar to cross section

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13
Q

what does torsional strength withstand

A

rotational shear

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14
Q

what does flexural strength withstand

A

bending

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15
Q

what does fatigue/ endurance strength withstand

A

repeated loading

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16
Q

what does impact strength withstand

A

shock

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17
Q

what does hardness resist

A

cutting, penetration or abrasion

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18
Q

what does toughness resist

A

tearing/ breaking when bent/ stretched

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19
Q

what is the most common alloying agent

A

carbon

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20
Q

what alloying agent causes steel to be brittle and must be removed when refining

A

sulphur

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21
Q

what alloying agent acts as a hardener and in small quantities improves ductility

A

silicon

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22
Q

what alloying agent raises yield strength and improves low carbon resistance to atmospheric corrosion

A

phosphorous

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23
Q

what alloying agent adds strength and hardness to steel and increases yield strength

A

nickel

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24
Q

what alloying agent increases strength and hardness and improves wear and corrosion resistance

A

chromium

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25
Q

what alloying agent is most widely used for aircraft structure and reduces grain size

A

molybdenum

26
Q

what alloying agent is normally combined with chromium to make ball bearing

A

vanadium

27
Q

what alloying agent has an extremely high melting point

A

tungsten

28
Q

what is stainless steel and what are the main alloying agents

A

classification of corrosion resistant steel mainly made of chromium and nickel

29
Q

what are the 3 types of stainless steel

A

austenitic, ferritic, martensitic

30
Q

what is the first digit in the classification of steels

A

principal alloying element

31
Q

what are the last 2 digits in the classification of steels

A

average carbon percent

32
Q

what is heat treating

A

process of heating up and cooling down carbon steel to change physical and mechanical properties

33
Q

what is an eutectoid

A

a metal that can exist in more than one different form at the same temperature

34
Q

what is the critical temperature

A

temperature when a phase change happens during heating or cooling

35
Q

what is quenching

A

rapidly cooling a metal after heating

36
Q

what is annealing

A

heat the metal 10C above critical temperature and heat soak it at that temperature

37
Q

what does annealing do

A

softens steel and releaves internal stress

38
Q

what is normalising

A

heating 38C above critical temperature and heat soaking for a prescribed time then at room temperature

39
Q

what does normalising do

A

relieves internal stresses

40
Q

what does tempering do

A

decreases hardness and increases ductility

41
Q

what does case hardening do to low carbon steels

A

creates a hard durable surface

42
Q

what does case hardening do to high carbon steels

A

makes the core very brittle

43
Q

what are the 2 methods of case hardening

A

carburising and nitriding

44
Q

what is direct hardening

A

surface is heated very rapidly to a high temperature by flame or induction hardening and then cooled very quickly this creates a ‘case’ of martensite on the surface

45
Q

what is the difference between flame and induction hardening

A

flame hardening only heats up a part of the surface at at time whereas induction heats the entire surface at once

46
Q

what is malleability

A

ability to be bent, formed or shaped without cracking or breaking

47
Q

what is ductility

A

ability of metal to be drawn into wire, extrusions or rods

48
Q

what is brittleness

A

material’s tendency to break or shatter when exposed to stress

49
Q

what are the characteristics of austenitic stainless steel

A

non magnetic in annealed condition but some can be slightly magnetic after cold working

50
Q

what are the characteristics of ferritic stainless steel

A

chromium is major alloying element, magnetic and generally have good ductility

51
Q

what are the characteristics of martensitic stainless steel

A

good combination of corrosion resistance and superior mechanical properties they are magnetic

52
Q

is steel an eutectoid

A

yes because it can be in different forms at the same temperature

53
Q

what are the 4 states that steel can be in

A

ferrite, austenite, cementite, pearlite

54
Q

what are the characteristics of the ferrite form of steel

A

pure iron, is a body-centred cubic lattice

55
Q

what are the characteristics of the austenite form of steel

A

face-centred cubic form of iron

56
Q

what are the characteristics of the cementite form of steel

A

chemical compound made of iron and carbon, very hard also known as iron carbide

57
Q

what are the characteristics of the pearlite form of steel

A

2 phased lamellar structure, formed when austenite is slowly cooled below 727C

58
Q

what are the 3 different crystal structures that occur in steel due to heat treatment

A

austenite, ferrite and martensite

59
Q

what type of crystal is austenite

A

face-centred cubic

60
Q

what type of crystal is ferrite

A

body-centred cubic

61
Q

what type of crystal is martensite

A

body-centred tetragonal

62
Q

what can be used to measure a metal’s temperature

A

pyrometers, thermocouple controlled ovens or by colour of metal

mod 6 (10 decks)

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