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Mod 6 > 6.1 > Flashcards

6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Toughness Definition

A

Resist breaking under impact load

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2
Q

Ductility Definition

A

Plastic deformation under tensile strength without fracture

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3
Q

Elasticity Definition

A

Return to original shape after deformation

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4
Q

Plasticity Definition

A

Retain shape after deformation

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5
Q

Malleability Definition

A

Plastic deformation under compressive loads

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6
Q

Hardness Definition

A

Ability to withstand scratching or wear

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7
Q

Brittleness Definition

A

Tendency to fracture when shock loaded

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8
Q

Rigidity Definition

A

Withstand load without failure

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9
Q

Hot Shortness Definition

A

Brittle when in High temp

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10
Q

Cold Shortness Definition

A

Brittle in low Temp

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11
Q

Magnetite %

A

74% iron

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12
Q

Haematite %

A

70% iron

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13
Q

Carbon content of Pig iron

A

3.5 to 4.5 % carbon

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14
Q

To make cast Iron

A

Pig iron remelted with coke and scrap iron in cupola to 1200 °C

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15
Q

Ferrite %

A

0.006% carbon

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16
Q

Pearlite %

A

0.83% carbon

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17
Q

Cementite

A

6.67% carbon

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18
Q

SAE digit meanings

A

1st : Principal Alloy Element
2nd : % Principal Alloy Element
3rd and 4th : % carbon in 100ths

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19
Q

SAE 1xxx

A

Carbon

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20
Q

SAE 2xxx

A

Nickel

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21
Q

SAE 3xxx

A

Nickel Chromium

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22
Q

SAE 4xxx

A

Molybdenum

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23
Q

SAE 5xxx

A

Chromium

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24
Q

SAE 6xxx

A

Chromium-Vanadium

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25
Q

SAE 7xxx

A

Tungsten

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26
Q

SAE 9xxx

A

Silicon Manganese

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27
Q

Low Carbon Steel %

A

Below 0.3% carbon

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28
Q

Medium Carbon Steel %

A

0.3 to 0.8% carbon

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29
Q

High Carbon Steel %

A

0.8 to 1.4% carbon

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30
Q

Below .83% carbon is

A

Ferrite + Pearlite

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31
Q

At 0.83% carbon is

A

Pearlite

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32
Q

Above 0.83% carbon is

A

Cementite and Pearlite

33
Q

What degrees approx is lower critical point

34
Q

What degrees approx is Upper critical point

35
Q

In Low Carbon Steel what happens at LCP and UCP

A

At 723 °C Austenite and Ferrite

At 850 °C Austenite

36
Q

In High Carbon Steel what happens at LCP and UCP

A

At 723 °C Austenite and Cementite

At 850 °C Austenite

37
Q

What happens at Eutectoid Point

A

All Pearlite becomes Austenite

UCP and LCP converge

38
Q

What does Annealing do

A

Makes steel more malleable and softer

39
Q

What does Normalising do

A

Removes internal stress

40
Q

What °C does normalising take place

A

50 °C above UCP

41
Q

What is cooled faster normalising or annealing

A

Normalising

42
Q

What is Martensite

A

Hardest structure of plain Steel

Must be above 0.4% carbon

43
Q

What does Tempering do

A

Reduces Brittleness caused from Hardening

44
Q

Tempering below 200 °C

A

Removes stresses

45
Q

Tempering above 220 °C

A

Less hardness higher toughness

Martensite back to pearlite

46
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Case Hardening

A

Outside layer carbon content to 0.83%

Happens at 900 to 950 °C

47
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Box Process / Pack Carburising

A

Sealed Box
Carbon Rich material
900 °C
Maintained until required
4hrs = 1mm
Cooled slowly to anneal new case

48
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Heat Treatment

A

Heated to 850 °C
Quenched
Surfaces not wanting to be hardened protected with copper

49
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Cyanide Hardening

A

Put in molten salts at 900 °C
Used for small hardened layers

50
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Gas Carburising

A

900 °C
In methane and propane atmosphere

51
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Flame Hardening

A

Localised Areas of MID and HIGH carbon steels

Torch heats area

Quenched

Jets on torch cool core

52
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Induction Hardening

A

Hardens selected areas of symmetrical components

Heated via Induction Coil

Cooled by water jets

At least 0.4% carbon

53
Q

SURFACE HARDENING
Nitriding

A

Steels containing Aluminium and Chromium

Box 500 °C

Ammonia gas

Absorbs nitrogen

No quench

54
Q

Formula for stress

A

Force ÷ CSA

55
Q

Units of Stress

A

N/mm ² or PSI or MPA

56
Q

Strain Definition

A

Force applied to a part which resists the force

57
Q

Formula for Strain

A

Change in Length ÷ OG length

58
Q

Tensile Strength Formula

A

Max Force Used ÷ OG CSA

59
Q

What measures extension during tensile tests

A

Extensometers

60
Q

Creep may occur when subjected to

A

Tensile stress and High temp

61
Q

Fracture of Creep called

62
Q

Brinell Test

A

Steel ball
Diam of indentation using microscope
15seconds
BHN= Force ÷ Area of impression

63
Q

Vickers Test

A

Diamond pyramid
Diagonal Length of impression
Microscope w/ slit
15 seconds
Vickers > Brinell

64
Q

Rockwell

A

1/16” Diam of ball or 120°diamond cone
Hardness number on dial

65
Q

Izod

A

163 J
1side
Drag pointer shows highest energy used to break

66
Q

Charpy

A

150J or 300J
Both ends
Used at High temp And Low temp

67
Q

Fatigue Definition

A

Component subjected to Repeated Cyclical loading will eventually fail below UTS

68
Q

Shot Peening

A

Created Compressive Layer
Uses Steel glass or ceramic balls
Almen strip

69
Q

Ratopeening

A

Shotpeening for inaccessible areas
Tungsten carbide balls
Flexible flap
Drill held constant

70
Q

Adding Chromium to Steel does?

A

+ Hardness

+ UTS

+ Corrosion Resistance

~ Ductility

71
Q

Adding Molybdenum to Steel does?

A

+ Toughness

+ UTS

+ Machine Ability

72
Q

Adding Manganese to Steel does?

A

+ Toughness

+ UTS

73
Q

Adding Vanadium to Steel does?

A

+ Hardness

+ Toughness

+ UTS

  • Ductility
  • Machine Ability
74
Q

What does Tungsten do to Steel

A

+ Hardness

75
Q

What does Nickel do to Steel

A

+ Hardness

+ Toughness

+ UTS

+ Ductility

+ Corrosion Resistance

  • Machine Ability
76
Q

What is A286

A

Super Alloy

77
Q

What is A286 comprised of

A

57% Iron. 2% Titanium

25% Nickel. 0.3% Vanadium

14.5% Chromium. 0.04% Carbon

78
Q

Qualities of A286

A

High strength

High Temp Resistance

High Corrosion Resistance

Mod 6 (8 decks)

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