6.0 Further Mechanics And Thermal Physics Flashcards
Define angular speed
The rate of change of angular displacement
What are the conditions for SHM
The force is proportional to the displacement and directed towards the equilibrium position
What are the characteristics of SHM
The motion is periodic, oscillating about the equilibrium position and the restoring force is from factors like gravity, or tension
What is damping in oscillations
Damping is the effect of a resistive force that reduces the energy of a system, causing the amplitude to decrease
Effect of underdamping on period and frequency
the period increases slightly , but the frequency decreases.
Effect of critical and overdamping on period and frequency
These systems don’t oscillate so there is no period or frequency
What are free vibrations
They occur when the object oscillates without external forces after the initial displacement. Vibrating at its natural frequency
What is the natural frequency of an object
The frequency at which a system oscillates when displaced and released without external forces acting
What is a forced vibration
They occur when an external force is applied periodically, causing vibrations at the frequency of the applied force
What is resonance
when the frequency of the applied force matches the system’s natural frequency, the system oscillates with a large amplitude
effects of light damping on resonance
Produces a sharp resonance peak with large amplitude
effects of overdamping on resonance
Reduces the amplitude and broadens the resonance peak
What is continuous flow
When a substance flows steadily and is continuously heated or cooled
Define Boyle’s law
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed temperature and mass
Define Charles’ law
Volume is proportional to temperature for a fixed pressure and mass
Define the Pressure law
Pressure is proportional to temperature for a fixed volume and mass
Define Brownian motion
The random, erratic movement of particles
How does Brownian motion provide evidence for the existence of atoms
the motion is caused by collisions with atoms or molecules surrounding it
problems between gas laws and the kinetic theory model
the gas laws are derived from observations and the kinetic theory model is just theory
Assumptions of the kinetic theory
- Particles only have kinetic energy
- All particles are identical
- Volume is negligible
- All collisions are elastic
- Particles follow Newtonian physics
- There are enough particles to be statistically significant
Internal energy of an idea gas
The kinetic energy of the atoms
Define sensible heat
The energy required to heat up a substance without changing its state
