6 week part 2 Flashcards
Literature promoting exploration changed at the end of the 16th century to literature promoting . . .
settlement
what was not a part of settlement literature?
religious freedom
When did the puritans come to America
1620
what brought settlers to america
land
good wages
other benefit
three keys to puritanism
plainness
divine mission
grace
what was not an emphasis of puritanism?
intuition
did puritans write poetry
yes
what did michael wigglesworth write about
judgment day
Were there many puritans by the revolution?
no
literature differences between the north and the south
north - inward lit
south - outward lit
what early writers share with modern writers
desire to convey the special quality of life in america
who was powhatan
an Indian chief
what did smith not do
tell the Europeans about gold
longest and most important work of smith
the general history of virginia, new england, and the southern isles
what did smith say about the president
did not respect him
what did smith give the natives
a compass
what did powhatan not do
give smith pocahontas in marriage
did powhatan mistreat the men
no
how many indian languages contributed to the english language
200
what people did columbus encounter when he first landed in the americas
arawak
three myths associated with the americas
untold treasures faster trade route to China Earthly paradise with cure for all diseases fountain of youth rivers filled with gold
how did europeans learn about the benefits of settling in the americas?
books
chief forms of writing among the puritans
spiritual autobiography
puritan histories
poetry
who wrote a history including the salem witch trials
Magnalia Christi Americana
The Great Works of Christ in America
Cotton Mather
first book published in america
the bay psalm book
which poem was the most popular literary work of its day
Day of Doom - Michael Wigglesworth
revival of puritanism in the 1740s
great awakening
ideal of conduct among southern plantation owners
generous self controlled gentleman, attentive to manners and aware of obligation to serve the public
first known theater in north america
williamsburg, virginia
why did the colonists depose Wingfield the head of the colony
the president was escaping the hardships
reasons for colonists’ hardships
sickness weakness bad leader no food bad lodging
who kept the colonists from starving
God and the native americans
what did smith give powhatan
compass
cannons
millstone
toys
what was smith charged with at jamestown
double murder
american historical periods
new expanding struggling maturing experimenting reshaping
new nation - years and subtitles
1600-1800
Puritanism and Rationalism
characteristics of puritanism
Sermons
•Personal Narratives
•Plain Style
•Authority of Bible & church
characteristics of rationalism
Political pamphlets
•Ornate Style
•Persuasive Writing
•Patriotism
history of puritanism
Person’s fate determined by God
•All are corrupt and must be saved by Christ
•Settlement of British Colonies in America
history of rationalism
Revolutionary War
•Instructive in values
puritans
William Bradford •Mary Rowlandson •Jonathan Edwards •Anne Bradstreet •Cotton Mather
rationalist
Thomas Jefferson
•Benjamin Franklin
•Thomas Paine
•Patrick Henry
expanding nation years and subtitles
1800-1860
romanticism and transcendentlism
characteristics of romanticism
VALUE FEELING & INTUITION •IMAGINATION •MYSTERY •POETRY •SHORT STORIES
history of expanding nation
Expansion of magazines, newspapers, and book publishing
•Slavery debates
•Industrial Revolution: “Old ways” of doing things are now irrelevant
expanding nation writers
Washington Irving
•William Cullen Bryant
•James Fenimore Cooper
•Emily Dickinson
characteristics of transcendentalism
American Renaissance” •Self-Reliance •Individualism •Inner-Light •Idealist •Utopia •Nature's lessons
characteristics of anti-transcendentalism
Dark Romanticism”
•Symbolism
•Sin, Pain, & Evil
transcendentalist writers
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
anti-transcendentalist
Nathaniel Hawthorne
herman melville
struggling nation years and subtitles
1860-1910
realism, regionalism, naturalism
characteristics of realism
Ordinary People •Real-life, Every-day events •Objective Narrator •Open Interpretation •Slave Narratives
characteristics of regionalism
Local color”
•Dialect or vernacular style
•Social customs and mannerisms
characteristics of naturalism
Fate rules above all; man has no control
•Nature acts against mankind
•Society is seen as a laboratory for the study of human behavior and a shaper of it
history of struggling nation
Civil War & post Civil War
•Influence of Sigmund Freud & Charles Darwin (diminishes faith)
•Demand for “truer” type of literature that does not idealize people or places
realism writers
Walt Whitman
•Henry James
•William Dean Howells
regionalism writers
Henry Timrod •Sidney Lanier •Frederick Douglass •Kate Chopin •Mark Twain •Harriet Beecher Stowe •Sarah Jewett •Bret Harte
naturalism writers
Stephen Crane •Paul Laurence Dunbar •Theodore Dreiser •Jack London •Willa Cather •Upton Sinclair
a maturing nation years and subtitle
1910-1950
modernism
characteristics of modernism
Pessimism •“American Dream” •Emphasis on image •Lost Generation •Beat Generation •Use of interior monologue & stream of consciousness •Plays, poetry, novels
history of modernism
WW1 & WW2 •“Jazz Age”/ “Roaring 20’s” •Harlem Renaissance •The Great Depression •Karl Marx •Rise of youth culture •Civil rights and equality
modern writers
- Mary Antin
- Edgar Lee Masters
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Robert Frost and Carl Sandburg
- T.S. Elliot
- John Steinbeck and William Faulkner
- Langston Hughes
- Ezra Pound
- William Carlos Williams
- Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee William, Thornton Wilder, Arthur Miller
experimenting nation subtitle and year
postmodernism
1950 - 1980
characteristics of post modernism
Mix of fantasy with non-fiction •Media culture interprets values •Narratives •No heroes •Emotion-provoking •Humorous Irony •Storytelling •Autobiographies •Individual isolation •Social issues (ethnic & feminist)
history of postmodernism
Post WW2 prosperity •New century & millennium •Space exploration •Korean War •Vietnam War
postmodern writers
James Baldwin •Ernest Hemingway •Katherine Anne Porter •Saul Bellow •Bernard Malamud •John Updike •Eudora Welty •Flannery O'Connor
a reshaping nation years and subtitle
relativism
1980-2010
characteristics of relativism
No absolutes •No sins; tolerance •Individualism and cultural diversity •Apathetic: “whatever” •Little commitment •Progress (science answers all)
history of relativism
Gulf War
•Iraqi War
•Advances in technology
relativism writers
Toni Morrison •Amy Tan •J.D. Salinger •N. Scott Momaday •Rita Dove •Harper Lee •Elizabeth Spenser •Merrill Joan Gerber •David Gates
main themes in american lit
Innocence to Discovery •The American Dream •The Land, the Frontier, the Road •The Hero •The Diverse Cultural Community •Equality for all •Freedom and Love (family, marriage) •Wealth and Death (violence and war) •Religion and Faith
what is the acronym for rhetoric
pleases
what does pleases stand for
purpose listeners exigence appeals structure effect strategies
about purpose
reasons for writing or for the speaker speaking
hope to accomplish
what the audience should do with the situation placed before them
about listeners
about the audience
exigence, attitude, rapport
two levels of audience
primary or immediate audience
secondary or future audience who will draw from the present situation
what is exigence
background
occasion
history
significance of background
what elements led the persuader to communicate
occasion
what prompts the persuader to talk about that then
history
what is their situation
three appeals
logos pathos ethos
structure
organization and form
arrangement of ideas and sequence of thoughts
significance of paragraph placement
particular writing type
effect
persuade confirm move to action inform stir up challenge comfort edify inspire
strategies
diction
syntax
emphasis
diction
why these words
syntax
why this particular structure
emphasis
why this figurative language, repetition, or highlight
what are rhetorical devices
basic devices a writer uses to tell a story explain a point or argue a position
rhetorical strategies
examples, contrasts, causes, classifications, processes, definitions, narration, and description
what is style
unique writing pattern
elements of style
subject matter selection of details point of view diction imagery attitude tone pacing syntax organiation deductive-inductive time transitions active passive types of sentence flow attitude
What did John Smith write in 1608
a truel relation of virginia
1624
John smith
general history
1640
bay psalm book
unknown
edward taylor
poetical works
1650
anne bradstreet
the tenth muse lately sprung up in america
1662
michael wigglesworth
day of doom
1683
new england primer
1702
cotton mather
magnalia christi americana
1704
sarah kemble knight
the journey of madam knight
1729
william byrd
the history of the dividing line
1741
sinners in the hands of an angry God
jonathan edwards
1732-1757
Benjamin Franklin
Poor Richard’s almanac
1767
first american play
prince of parthia
franklin begins autobiography
1771
1773
phillis wheatley
poems on various subjects, religious and moral
1776
Thomas Paine
Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson
The Declaratoin of INdependence
1776-1783
thomas paine
the crisis
1782
letters from an american farmer
michel-guillaume jean de crevecoeur
first american novel published
1789
the power of sympathy
the book begins with a reference to
christopher columbus
where did christopher columbus land
san salvador
for how many years were the europeans actively exploring the americas
50
cortes
besieged Mexico City for 93 days until he destroyed it and exterminated the aztecs
cabeza de vaca
walked across nearly 2/3 of america looking for settlement
tall tales
people sleep under water
king became giant after having his bones stretched
people with hard tails
what happened at the end of the sixteenth century
interest changed from exploration to settlement
draw to america
food plentiful
poor might own land
how many puritans
100
next shipment of puritans
1000 in boston
what were puritans trying to do in england
reform the church
what is grace
God purifying feelings
three puritan values
grace, plainness, divine mission
about plainness
eliminating church traditions
divine mission
their lives in the new world as missions
how did puritans track their grace
diaries
what does magnalia christi americana say
lives of the leaders of new england
conflict with Indians
witchcraft trials at Salem
two big puritan poets
anne bradstreet and edward taylor
what was the bay psalm book
translation of the BIblical book of psalms
first american best seller
day of doom
juxtaposition
poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas words or phrases are placed next to one another, creating surprise
natural order of a sentence
subject before predicate
inverted sentence
predicate, subject
split sentence
predicate subject predicate
balanced sentence
phrases balance each other by their likeness or struckture
loose sentence
makes sense before ending
periodic
only makes sense at the end
compound
2 independent clauses
complex
an independent and a dependent
telegraphic
shorter than 5 words
large sentences
30 plus
concrete
specific
abstract
general
who owned day of doom
1 in thirty five in new england
what happened to religion
attacked in the new age of reason
when did puritanism revive
1740s
what was the time called when the puritans revived
great awakening
