6 Vocabulary Flashcards
Aerobic
Respiration that requires oxygen to produce energy
Anaerobic
Respiration that does not require oxygen to produce energy
Cellular Respiration
The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work
Citric Acid Cycle
The chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA (derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide
Electron Transport Chain
A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP
Glycolysis
A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms
Kilocalories (kcal)
A measure of the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (kg) of water by 1°C
Mitochondria
An organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by two membranes, it is where most of the cell’s ATP is made
Oxidation
The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration
Phosphorylation
The transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule
Redox Reaction
Short for reduction-oxidation reaction; a chemical reaction in which electrons are lost from one substance (oxidation) and added to another (reduction)
Reduction
The gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies oxidation.
