4a Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells

Question 2

Cellular Metabolism

Answer 2

All the chemical activities of a cell

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a cell is not dividing

Question 4

Chromosones

Answer 4

A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also, the main gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell.

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

The contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; consists of a semi-fluid medium and organelles; can also refer to the interior of a prokaryotic cell

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions

Question 7

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 7

A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. The flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in both structure and function. (Flagella is plural for flagellum)

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 10

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm

Question 11

Nucleoid

Answer 11

A non-membrane- bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is concentrated.

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

A structure in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal units

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

An atoms central core containing protons and neutrons, the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin

Question 14

Organelles

Answer 14

A membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

Question 15

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 15

Phospholipids from bilayers that function as biological membranes

Question 16

Plasma Membrane

Answer 16

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions into and out of the cell; consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 17

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 17

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles; found only in the domains bacteria and archaea

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The eukaryotic cells, the ribsomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus

Question 19

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Question 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes