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Organic Chemistry > 6-Understanding Organic Reactions > Flashcards

6-Understanding Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Vocab:

Reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is REPLACED by another atoms or a group of atoms

A

Substitution

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2
Q

Vocab:

Reaction in which elements of the starting material are “lost” and a PI BOND is FORMED.

A

Elimination

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3
Q

Vocab:

Reaction in which elements are ADDED to a starting material

A

Addition

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4
Q

Reaction in which one SIGMA bond BREAKS and another one FORMS at the SAME carbon atom

A

Substitution reaction

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5
Q

Reaction in which TWO SIGMA bonds are BROKEN and a PI bond is FORMED between adjacent atoms

A

Elimination reaction

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6
Q

Reaction in which a PI bond is BROKEN and TWO SIGMA bonds are formed

A

Addition reaction

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7
Q

Vocab:

Breaking a bond by equally dividing the electrons between two atoms

A

Homolysis

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8
Q

Vocab:

Breaking a bond by UNEQUALLY dividing two atoms in a bond. Electrons normally end up on the more electronegative atom

A

Heterolysis

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9
Q

Vocab:

A reactive intermediate with a SINGLE UNPAIRED ELECTRON that is highly unstable

A

Radical

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10
Q

Vocab:

A POSITIVELY charged Arvin generate by giving two electrons to Z and none to C

A

Carbocation

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11
Q

Vocab:

A NEGATIVELY charged carbon generated by giving two electro d to C and none to Z

A

Carbanion

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12
Q

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Radical?

A

Electrophile

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13
Q

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Carbocation

A

Electrophile

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14
Q

Nucleophile or electrophile?

Carbanion

A

Nucleophile

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15
Q

Bond formation always ____ energy

A

Releases

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16
Q

positive or negative delta-H?

Energy is absorbed

A

Positive

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17
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Endothermic

A

Positive

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18
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Energy is released

A

Negative

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19
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE delta-H?

Exothermic

A

Negative

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20
Q

Vocab:

Enthalpy change or HEAT of a reaction

A

Delta-H

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21
Q

Endothermic or exothermic?

Energy is ABSORBED

A

Endothermic

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22
Q

Endothermic or exothermic?

Energy is RELEASED

A

Exothermic

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23
Q

Endothermic or exothermic?

BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY

A

Delta-H always positive -> Endothermic

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24
Q

Endothermic or exothermic?

Bond FORMATION

A

Always negative -> exothermic

25
Q

The STRONGER the BOND, the (HIGHER/LOWER) the BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY

A

Higher

26
Q

BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY (INCREASES/DECREASES) (UP/DOWN A COLUMN or LEFT/RIGHT ACROSS A ROW)

A

Bond dissociation energy DECREASES DOWN A COLUMN of the periodic table

27
Q

Which is STRONGER? Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS or bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS?
Positive delta-H

A

Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS are stronger

28
Q

Which is STRONGER? Bonds BROKEN in STARTING MATERIALS or bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS?
Negative delta-H

A

Bonds FORMED in PRODUCTS

29
Q

Reactant or product favored?

Keq > 1

A

Product

30
Q

Reactant or product favored?

Keq < 1

A

Reactant

31
Q

Keq (</>) 1

Product favored

A

Keq > 1

32
Q

Keq (</>) 1

reactant favored

A

Keq < 1

33
Q

Positive/Negative delta-G

Keq > 1

A

negative

34
Q

Positive/Negative delta-G

Keq < 1

A

positive

35
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Positive delta-G

A

reactant

36
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Negative dela-G

A

product

37
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Energy of products is LOWER than the energy of the reactants

A

product

38
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Energy of the products is HIGHER than the energy of the reactants

A

reactant

39
Q

Equilibrium favors (more/less) stable

A

more stable

40
Q

Equilibrium favors (lower/higher) in energy

A

lower

41
Q

Reactions resulting in a(n) (increase/decrease) in delta-S is favored

A

increase

42
Q

delta-S is?

A

entropy

43
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Negative delta-H

A

product

44
Q

Product/Reactant favored?

Positive delta-H

A

reactant

45
Q

delta-H is negative or positive?

product favored

A

negative

46
Q

delta-H is negative or positive?

reactant favored

A

positive

47
Q

delta-H is negative or positive?

bonds in the product are STRONGER than the bonds in the reactants

A

negative

48
Q

delta-H is negative or positive?

bonds in the reactants are STRONGER than the bonds in the products

A

product

49
Q

LARGER Ea (slower/faster) reaction

A

slower

50
Q

FAST reaction has a lower/higher Ea

A

lower

51
Q

HIGH concentration = (slower/faster) reaction

A

faster

52
Q

HIGHER temperature = (slower/faster reaction)

A

faster

53
Q

Fast reactions have (small/large) rate constants

A

large

54
Q

Slow reactions have (small/large) rate constants

A

small

55
Q

A rate equation contains ____ involved in a ONE-STEP mechanism

A

ALL reactants

56
Q

A rate equation contains ____ involved in a MULTISTEP mechanism

A

ONLY the reactants involved in the RATE-DETERMINING step

57
Q

A catalyst (slows down/speeds up) a reaction

A

speeds up

58
Q

Does a catalyst appear in the products?

A

No

59
Q

delta-S positive/negative?

products are MORE disordered than reactants

A

positive

Organic Chemistry (6 decks)

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