6. Structure and Function of the Heart

Question 1

What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?

Answer 1

CO = HR x SV

Question 2

What term means relaxation of the heart?

Answer 2

Diastole

Question 3

What term means contraction of the heart?

Answer 3

Systole

Question 4

What is the movement of blood during arterial systole?

Answer 4

From atria to ventricles

Question 5

What is the movement of blood during ventricular systole?

Answer 5

From ventricles to the arteries (pulmonary and aorta)

Question 6

During ventricular systole what happens to the AV valves?

Answer 6

Close

Question 7

The heart’s natural pacemaker is known as the…

Answer 7

Sino-atrial node (SAN)

Question 8

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 8

Wall of right atrium

Question 9

Which event of the cardiac cycle do the impulses from the SAN trigger?

Answer 9

Atrial systole

Question 10

The SA node sends electrical impulses to which structure?

Answer 10

AV node

Question 11

Which event of the cardiac cycle is triggered by the electrical impulses leaving the AV node?

Answer 11

Ventricular Systole

Question 12

Which technique measures the electrical activity of the heart?

Answer 12

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 13

Which type of nerve fibre increases heart rate?

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

Sympathetic nerve fibres release which neurotransmitter to increase heart rate?

Answer 14

Noradrenaline

Question 15

Which type of nerve fibre decreases heart rate?

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic nerve fibres?

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

When is blood pressure at its highest?

Answer 17

Ventricular Systole

Question 18

When is blood pressure at its lowest?

Answer 18

Cardiac Diastole

Question 19

What is a typical blood pressure reading for a young, healthy individual?

Answer 19

120/80 mmHg