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Year 2 MCD Microbiology > 6: Skin infections > Flashcards

6: Skin infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Summarise the epidemology of skin infectios

A

15% of GP consultations are skin related

6% of hospital out patient attendances are skin related

Out of that:

  • 25% of GP skin problems are skin infections
  • 5% of dermatologist consultations are skin infections
  1. High rates in hot humid conditions and poor populations
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2
Q

What kind of Pathogen is Staph A?

A

Staphylococcus aureus is a

  • Gram +ve bacterium
  • commensal
  • most common cause skin infections
    • might also cause lung, joint and bone infection –> sepsis
  • is encapulated
  • makes Toxins that cause problems
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3
Q

What is a Impetigo?

A

Infection of the subcornal layer of epidermis

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4
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Infection of the mouth of a hair follicle

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5
Q

What is Ecthyma?

A

Infection of the whole thickness of the epidermis

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6
Q

What is a boil?

A

Absess of a hair follicle

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7
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Abcess of several adjacent hair follicles

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8
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of a Stapelococcus Aureus infection?

A
  • Impetigo
    • honey coloured, golden
  • Might present as: Bullous impetigo
    • when staph A produces Exfoliate toxin causing blister formation
  • Ecthyma
    • necrotic and scar formation (expecially in infected insect bites and immunosupression)
  • Abscess
  • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
    • immune reaction to systemic toxin in children <5 –> causing shredding of skin
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9
Q

How would you treat a skin infection caused by Staph A?

A

ABX

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10
Q

What causes syphilis?

Summarise its epidemilogy

A

Caused by Treponema pallidum

  • gram -ve bacterium (spirochaete)
  • 12 Million new cases/ year worldwide
  • increases the transmission of HIV
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11
Q

Explain the time development of a Syphilis infection

A
  1. Primary (at 3-8 weeks)
    • Painless ulcer at inoculation site (Genital or oral)
  2. Secondary (at 6-12 weeks)
    • Disseminated infection
    • Generalised rash and lymphadenopathy
  3. Latent syphilis (no clinical signs)
  4. Tertiary syphilis (usually years later)
    • Skin, neurological and vascular manifestations

Might also be:

  1. Congenital
    • Acquired perinatally with Early and late manifestations
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12
Q

What happens during a primary infection with syphilis?

A

At 3-8 Weeks after infection: Painless ulcer at inoculation site (Genital or oral) (called: Chancre)

  • ulcer swap would be +ve
  • serum might be +ve and -ce
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13
Q

What happens during secondary infection with syphillis?

A

At 6-12 Weeks

  • Disseminated infection
  • Generalised rash and lymphadenopathy
    • expecially at palms and soles
  • Condyloma lata (wart-like lesion of genitals)
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14
Q

What are the characteristics and presentation of tertiary syphillis?

A

Skin, neurological and vascular manifestations

  • bone lesions
  • neurosyphillis –> dementia
  • gummatous skin lesions
  • thoracic aneurism
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15
Q

What is congenital syphillis?

What does it cause?

A

If mother transmits syphillis ont child might result in

  • Miscarriage
  • Still birth
  • Prematurity
  • And if baby survives
    • Rashes
    • Brain and neurological problems
    • Bone disease
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16
Q

What are common types of Human Herpes virus?

What are they known as?

A

Are DNA Viruses:

  1. HHV 1
  2. HHV 2
    1. together: Herpes Simplex (I and II)
  3. HHV 3
    • Varziella Zosta Virus
    • More
17
Q

What is another Name for HHV I?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus I

  • causing oral herpes presenting as
    • Vesicular rash - 2 weeks
      • often at junction of cutaneous and mucosal lip
    • Eczema herpeticum
    • Herpes encephalitis
18
Q

What is another name for HHV 2?

How does it present?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus I

  • causing genital herpes presenting as
    • Vesicular rash - 2 weeks
  • Eczema herpeticum
  • Herpes encephalitis
19
Q

What is eczema hepaticum?

A

A Herpes simplex infection on top of an eczema due to increases supectibility to infection in eczema

20
Q

What does the Variella Zoster Virus Cause?

What is another Name for it?

A

Variella Zosta = HHV 3

  • causes chickenpocks and
  • shingels
21
Q

Explain Why Herpes infections regularry reoccur or shingels can develop

A

Because the Herpes virus have a latency in nerves

  • e.g. dorsal route ganglion –> shingels of one dermatome
  • or rigeminal nerve ganglion –> lip
    • leads to reoccurance e.g. in times of stress
22
Q

What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

A
  • malaise, fever. sore throat,
  • rash all over the body (expecially in face, body, lower leg)
    • rather proximal
  • last about 2 Weeks with an incupation period of 1 Week

In children: normally not as sever but in adults

  • might cause encephalitis or pneumonia
23
Q

What is Herpes Zoster (shingels)?

A

It is the recurrent infection of a single dermatome due to latent Herpes Zoster Virus in Dorsl route ganglion

24
Q

How can you diagnose and treat Chickenox

A

clinical diagnosis

+ PCR diagnosis of Viral DNA

    • treat with acyclovir (though it gets bettwe without treatment)
25
Q

What are the differnt types of superficial skin fungal infections?

A
  • Dermatophytes (type of mould)
    • eg Trichophyton rubrum
    • Grow in keratin
    • Long hyphae, grow from tip
  • Yeasts
    • eg Candida
    • Grow on warm wet surfaces
    • single cell and bud
26
Q

Name an example of a Dermatophytes (type of mould) skin infection and how it can present

A

Presents as part of keratin –> skin, hair nail and depenging on site

  • Tinea…
    • unguinum = nail (yellow, crumbly)
    • capitis = head (only in prepubertal children)
      • Keroin (localised tinea capitis)
    • manuum
    • pedis
    • crutis (between legs)
    • facei

often transmitted by pets

27
Q

What is the clinical presenation of a Candida rash?

A

Fungal skin infection at warm, wet surfaces, primarily presenting at

  • red, infected area with red dots around it
28
Q

What is the cause of scabies?

A

Infection with the mite Sarcoptes scabei

29
Q

What are the signs of scabies

A

Diagnosis: look for burrow

  • 4-5mm long, s-shaped wiggly lines with black dot at the end (head of mice)
  • Commonly in
    • genital area
    • armpits
    • around T10 anteriorly
    • back of hand
    • cubital fossa
30
Q

What are the symptomsof scabies?

A
  • First: asymptomatic
  • after a couple of weeks
    • immune response tu mice leading to generalised eczema
    • itching, might lead to blister formation etc.

Year 2 MCD Microbiology (8 decks)

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