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anatomy & physiology > (6) senses > Flashcards

(6) senses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 senses

A 
touch
smell (olfaction)
taste (gustation)
vision
hearing (audition)
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2
Q

what are the 4 types of receptors

A

mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
thermoreceptors
chemoreceptors

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3
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

movement & touch

skin, ears, hollow internal organs

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4
Q

photoreceptors

A

light
retina
rods and cones

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5
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temperature

skin

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6
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemicals

nose and tongue

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7
Q

touch (what & where)

A

free nerve endings in epidermis pick up heat/cold/pain
special sensory nerves in the dermis & hypodermis pick up pressure and touch
*mechanoreceptors in the skin

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8
Q

touch - functions

A

thermoregulation
homeostasis
protection
sensory reception

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9
Q

touch - processing

A

parietal lobe

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10
Q

smell (what & where)

A

millions of olfactory receptors on the roof of the nasal cavity - each has its own smell to pick up
chemoreceptors in the olfactory bulb (nose)

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11
Q

smell - functions

A

protection

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12
Q

the only way to mess up smell

A

kill the cell

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13
Q

smell - processing

A

temporal lobe

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14
Q

taste (what & where)

A

onion shaped tastebuds on the sides of papillae
in epithelial tissue
chemoreceptors on the tongue

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15
Q

5 tastes

A 
sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami
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16
Q

where are the tastes on the tongue

A

sweet: bottom & middle
salty: tip/bottom & sides
sour: sides
bitter: back
umami: all over

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17
Q

taste - processing

A

parietal lobe

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18
Q

vision - accessory structures (4/5)

A

eyebrow
eyelids
eyelashes
lacrimal apparatus (gland & duct)

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19
Q

eyebrow

A

shade

deflection

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20
Q

eyelids

A

lubrication, move things out of eye, protection from light damage or items

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21
Q

eyelashes

A

trap debris and prevent things from getting in your eye

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22
Q

lacrimal gland

A

produce tears

by upper eyelid & eyebrow

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23
Q

lacrimal duct

A

drain tears

inner corner of eye, opens up to the nasal cavity

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24
Q

binocular vision

A

seeing with 2 eyes in front
predator position
helps approx distance & direction

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25
Q

vision structures (11)

A 
conjunctiva (sclera & cornea)
pupil
iris
aqueous humor
lens
ciliary bodies
vitreous humor
retina
fovea/macula
optic disk
optic nerve
26
Q

retina structures

A

fovea/macula
photoreceptors
optic disk
optic nerve

27
Q

conjunctiva

A

loose connective tissue
covers the surface of the eye
protection

28
Q

sclera

A

white part

29
Q

cornea

A

covers the surface of the iris & pupil

30
Q

pupil

A

black hole

lets in light

31
Q

iris

A

colored muscle

control the size of the pupil

32
Q

aqueous humor

A

liquid between cornea & pupil
shapes the cornea
continuously recycled

33
Q

lens

A

focuses light waves on the retina by changing shape

34
Q

vitreous humor

A

liquid in the eye

maintain the eyeball’s shape

35
Q

ciliary bodies

A

fibers around the lens

shape/shift/angle the lens

36
Q

retina

A

inside back wall of the eye

37
Q

fovea/macula

A

center of focus

38
Q

optic disk

A

where the optic nerve meets the eye

blindspot

39
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve that sends the neural impulses from the eye to the occipital lobe of the brain

40
Q

photoreceptors (2)

A

rods

cones

41
Q

rodes

A

see dim light

movement

42
Q

cones

A 
see color (red/green/blue)
detail
43
Q

conditions that affect the eye

A 
color blindness
nearsighted/farsighted
astigmatism
glaucoma
diabetic retinopathy
cataracts
strabismus
44
Q

hearing - structures (7)

A 
pinna
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
malleus/incus/stapes (3 middle bones)
oval window
cochlea
auditory nerve
45
Q

hearing - accessory structures

A

eustachian tube

semicircular canals

46
Q

hearing - processed

A

temporal lobe

47
Q

sound waves vary in

A

frequency

amplitude

48
Q

frequency

A

pitch

49
Q

amplitude

A

volume

50
Q

hearing conditions

A

conductive
sensorineural
mixed central

51
Q

semicircular canal condition

A

vertigo

motion sickness

52
Q

visual field of view

A

180º

53
Q

visual processes use how much of the brain

A

75%

54
Q

we can distinguish how many colors

A

10 million

55
Q

years it takes to make visual memory

A

learn how to distinguish and recognize things over the first 6 years of our life

56
Q

what is visual memory

A

1/2 billion brain cells make up the visual cortex
visual memory is made up of light, shadow, shape, color, size, distance, depth, etc.
built over the course of our lifespan

57
Q

semicircular canals also have what receptors

A

mechanoreceptors

58
Q

highest concentration of heat receptors sent here

A

fingertips & lips

59
Q

semicircular canals transmit

A

info about head direction and speed

60
Q

what are the 3 smallest bones in the body

A

malleus - mallet
incus - anvil
stapes - stirrup

anatomy & physiology (8 decks)

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