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anatomy & physiology > (5) brain structure > Flashcards

(5) brain structure Flashcards

1
Q

amygdala - functions

A 
fear-processing
emotion processing
learning
fight or flight
reward-processing
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2
Q

amygdala - damage

A 
aggression
irritability
loss of emotional control
disruption in short term memory
deficits in recognizing emotion
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3
Q

basal ganglia - functions

A

movement regulation
skill learning
habit formation
reward systems

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4
Q

basal ganglia - damage

A 
tremors
involuntary movement
abnormal increase in muscle tone
difficultly initiating movement
abnormal posture
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5
Q

brain stem - functions

A 
homeostasis
alertness
sleep
balance
startle respone
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6
Q

brain stem - damage

A

organ failure sleep disorders (insomnia)

difficulties balancing & moving

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7
Q

brain stem - parts

A

medulla oblongata
midbrain
pons

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8
Q

broca’s area - functions

A 
langauge production (speech)
comprehension of syntax
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9
Q

broca’s area - damage

A

broca’s aphasia (trouble speaking)
halting speech
repetitive speech
disordered grammar/syntax/word structure

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10
Q

cerebellum - functions

A 
coordination of voluntary movement
motor-learning
balance
reflex
posture
timing
sequence learning
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11
Q

cerebellum - damage

A 
loss of coordination
tremor
inability to walk
dizziness/vertigo
slurred speech
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12
Q

corpus callosum - functions

A

connects the right and left hemispheres to pass information between them

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13
Q

corpus callosum - damage

A

coma/vegetable
mutism
memory impairments
split-brain syndrome

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14
Q

frontal lobe - functions

A 
executive processes: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking)
cognition
voluntary motor control
intelligence
attention
language processing & comprehension
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15
Q

frontal lobe - damage

A 
paralysis
loss of spontaneity
mood changes
inability to express language
atypical social skills & personality traits
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16
Q

hoppocampus - functions

A

early memory storage
formation of long-term memory
spatial navigation

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17
Q

hippocampus - damage

A

severe memory impairment

disorientation

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18
Q

hypothalamus - funtions

A 
hunger & thirst
body temp
sexual activity & arousal
parenting
perspiration
blood pressure
heart rate
shivering
pupil dilation
circadian rhythms & sleep
**involuntary bodily functions
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19
Q

hypothalamus - damage

A 
aggression
chronic stress
hypothermia
hypersomnia
lethargy
self-mutilation
weight gain & loss
over & under active sex drive
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20
Q

limbic system - functions

A

memory formation & storage
regulating emotion
processing smell
sexual arousal

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21
Q

limbic system - damage

A 
olfactory impairment
agitation
uncontrolled emotion
abnormal biological rhythms
abnormal sexual behavior
memory impairment
22
Q

limbic system - parts

A

amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus

23
Q

occipital lobe - function

A

vision

24
Q

occipital lobe - damage

A

hallucinations
blindness
inability to see color/motion/orientation
synesthesia

25
Q

parietal lobe - functions

A 
perception and integration of somatosensory information
visuospatial processing
spatial attention
spatial mapping
number representation
26
Q

parietal lobe - damage

A

inability to recognize & locate objects/event/body parts
difficulting discriminating between sensoty information
disorientation
lack of coordination

27
Q

parietal lobe - parts

A

parietal lobe

somatosensory cortex

28
Q

pons - function

A

regulate breathing
taste
autonomic functions

29
Q

pons - damage

A 
impaired breathing
deafness
paralysis
sleep disturbance
loss of taste/gustation
30
Q

prefrontal cortex - functions

A 
executive processes (voluntary behavior: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking)
attention
inhibition
intelligence
social skills
31
Q

prefrontal cortex - damage

A

impairments in initiating voluntary behavior
inability to inhibit inappropriate social behaviors
memory dysfunction

32
Q

premotor cortex - location

A

frontal lobe

33
Q

premotor cortex - functions

A

planning & executing motor movements
imitation
empathy

34
Q

premotor cortex - damage

A

impairments in self-initiated movements
impaired learning in associating a motor response to a visual cue
cognitive problems

35
Q

motor cortex - location

A

frontal lobe

36
Q

motor cortex - functions

A

coordination

initiating motor movement

37
Q

motor cortex - damage

A

speech impairments
distortion of body image
motor-learning deficits

38
Q

somatosensory cortex - location

A

parietal lobe

39
Q

somatosensory cortex - function

A

sensory processing & integration

40
Q

somatosensory - damage

A 
difficulty perceiving touch
failure recognizing objects by touch (astereognasia)
difficulty recognizing one's own body
phantom limb pain
hemispatial neglect
41
Q

temporal lobe - functions

A

recognition
perception (hearing, vision, smell)
understanding language
learning & memory

42
Q

temporal lobe - damage

A

difficulty understanding speech/faces/objects
inability to attend to sensory input
persistent talking
long & short term memory loss
increased/decreased interest in sexual behavior
aggression

43
Q

thalamus - functions

A 
relaying motor & sensory info
memory
alertness
consciousness
contributes to perception and cognition
44
Q

thalamus - damage

A 
amnesia
apathy
coma
dementia
difficulty speaking
inattention/loss of alertness & activation
sleepiness
impaired processing of sensory info
impaired movements & posture
pain
45
Q

ventricles - function

A

cushion and protect the brain

46
Q

wernicke’s area - function

A

language comprehension

47
Q

wernicke’s area - damage

A

difficulty understanding language (wernicke’s aphasia)

48
Q

wernicke’s area - location

A

temporal/parietal lobe

49
Q

broca’s area - location

A

frontal lobe

50
Q

gyri vs sulci

A

gyri: folds
sulci: indentations

purpose: increase the surface area of the brain

anatomy & physiology (8 decks)

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