(5) brain structure Flashcards
amygdala - functions
fear-processing emotion processing learning fight or flight reward-processing
amygdala - damage
aggression irritability loss of emotional control disruption in short term memory deficits in recognizing emotion
basal ganglia - functions
movement regulation
skill learning
habit formation
reward systems
basal ganglia - damage
tremors involuntary movement abnormal increase in muscle tone difficultly initiating movement abnormal posture
brain stem - functions
homeostasis alertness sleep balance startle respone
brain stem - damage
organ failure sleep disorders (insomnia)
difficulties balancing & moving
brain stem - parts
medulla oblongata
midbrain
pons
broca’s area - functions
langauge production (speech) comprehension of syntax
broca’s area - damage
broca’s aphasia (trouble speaking)
halting speech
repetitive speech
disordered grammar/syntax/word structure
cerebellum - functions
coordination of voluntary movement motor-learning balance reflex posture timing sequence learning
cerebellum - damage
loss of coordination tremor inability to walk dizziness/vertigo slurred speech
corpus callosum - functions
connects the right and left hemispheres to pass information between them
corpus callosum - damage
coma/vegetable
mutism
memory impairments
split-brain syndrome
frontal lobe - functions
executive processes: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking) cognition voluntary motor control intelligence attention language processing & comprehension
frontal lobe - damage
paralysis loss of spontaneity mood changes inability to express language atypical social skills & personality traits
hoppocampus - functions
early memory storage
formation of long-term memory
spatial navigation
hippocampus - damage
severe memory impairment
disorientation
hypothalamus - funtions
hunger & thirst body temp sexual activity & arousal parenting perspiration blood pressure heart rate shivering pupil dilation circadian rhythms & sleep **involuntary bodily functions
hypothalamus - damage
aggression chronic stress hypothermia hypersomnia lethargy self-mutilation weight gain & loss over & under active sex drive
limbic system - functions
memory formation & storage
regulating emotion
processing smell
sexual arousal
limbic system - damage
olfactory impairment agitation uncontrolled emotion abnormal biological rhythms abnormal sexual behavior memory impairment
limbic system - parts
amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
occipital lobe - function
vision
occipital lobe - damage
hallucinations
blindness
inability to see color/motion/orientation
synesthesia
parietal lobe - functions
perception and integration of somatosensory information visuospatial processing spatial attention spatial mapping number representation
parietal lobe - damage
inability to recognize & locate objects/event/body parts
difficulting discriminating between sensoty information
disorientation
lack of coordination
parietal lobe - parts
parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex
pons - function
regulate breathing
taste
autonomic functions
pons - damage
impaired breathing deafness paralysis sleep disturbance loss of taste/gustation
prefrontal cortex - functions
executive processes (voluntary behavior: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking) attention inhibition intelligence social skills
prefrontal cortex - damage
impairments in initiating voluntary behavior
inability to inhibit inappropriate social behaviors
memory dysfunction
premotor cortex - location
frontal lobe
premotor cortex - functions
planning & executing motor movements
imitation
empathy
premotor cortex - damage
impairments in self-initiated movements
impaired learning in associating a motor response to a visual cue
cognitive problems
motor cortex - location
frontal lobe
motor cortex - functions
coordination
initiating motor movement
motor cortex - damage
speech impairments
distortion of body image
motor-learning deficits
somatosensory cortex - location
parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex - function
sensory processing & integration
somatosensory - damage
difficulty perceiving touch failure recognizing objects by touch (astereognasia) difficulty recognizing one's own body phantom limb pain hemispatial neglect
temporal lobe - functions
recognition
perception (hearing, vision, smell)
understanding language
learning & memory
temporal lobe - damage
difficulty understanding speech/faces/objects
inability to attend to sensory input
persistent talking
long & short term memory loss
increased/decreased interest in sexual behavior
aggression
thalamus - functions
relaying motor & sensory info memory alertness consciousness contributes to perception and cognition
thalamus - damage
amnesia apathy coma dementia difficulty speaking inattention/loss of alertness & activation sleepiness impaired processing of sensory info impaired movements & posture pain
ventricles - function
cushion and protect the brain
wernicke’s area - function
language comprehension
wernicke’s area - damage
difficulty understanding language (wernicke’s aphasia)
wernicke’s area - location
temporal/parietal lobe
broca’s area - location
frontal lobe
gyri vs sulci
gyri: folds
sulci: indentations
purpose: increase the surface area of the brain
