6. Romanesque/Gothic Flashcards
Carolingian architecture refers to the buildings constructed during the reign of ____________.
Charlemagne
Ottonian architecture was primarily constructed in this country:
Germany
What was a “westwerk”?
monumental, west-facing entrance of church, two stair towers flank entrance
Charlemagne’s Palace was located in what city?
Aachen
The entrance of most Ottonian churches was located on which (N/E/S/W) facade?
west
A double apse (E and W) was a signature motif of (style) ______ churches.
Roman
Who were the Normans?
vikings that settles in NW France and later began crusading during which they were exposed to Byzantine architecture
What two architectural innovations did the Normans bring back from their adventures in the Mediterranean?
a. Pointed Arch
b. Flying Buttress
What is the difference between a Roman groin vault and a Gothic groin vault?
Roman: rounded arches
Gothic: pointed arches
From a construction standpoint, what problem did the pointed arch solve in the design of a gothic vault?
solved the problem of differential thrusts and crown heights
The largest church built in Europe prior to 1500 was:
Cluny III
Name the four levels of the nave elevation in Cluny III, starting from the ground:
- side aisle
- gallery
- clerestory
- vault
What is the shape of the resulting groin arch in a groin vault generated by the intersection of two semicircular barrel vaults?
diamond/square (in plan)
How is a Lombard vault generated?
wanted to increase height of vault, groin changed to circular profile
Why were flying buttresses used in Gothic cathedrals?
they allowed for windows since structure was now being supported by buttresses
Who is credited with the start of Gothic architecture?
Suger
What was the first Gothic church?
St. Denis
In the west front of St. Denis, name two features that were derived from St. Etienne in Caen, one featured inspired by Cluny III:
- Triparte of the westwerk & tall towers
2. takes entry portal from Cluny III
What two gothic churches in Paris did King Louis VII sponsor?
a. St. Denis
b. Notre Dame
barrel vault
formed by the extrusion of a single curve, simplest vault, arches placed side by side
nave elevation: vault
arched ceiling
nave elevation: side aisle
passageway from side of nave
nave elevation: triforium gallery
shallow arched gallery within thickness of inner wall
nave elevation: clerestory
walls that rise above the roofline and pierced with windows
apse with with radiating chapels
semicircular recess housing altar, chapels radiate tangentially from it
transcept
transverse section which lies across the main body of the building, perpendicular to nave
crossing tower
tower above intersection of nave and transcept of church
groin vault
intersection at right angle of two barrel vaults
Lombard vault
groin vault constructed with semicircle diagonals
sexpartile vault
rib vault divided into six bays by two diagonals and three transverse ribs
pointed arch
arch with pointed appex, produces less thrust
flying buttress
redirected lateral forces to ground; not in contact with wall-like traditional buttress
tripartile elevation: side aisle, triforium gallery, clerestory/vault
reduced the zone that lies between the gallery, clerestory, and vault
lantern
openwork construction placed on top of a building to admit light and allow smoke to escape
ribbed vault
intersection of two or three barrel vaults, edged in decorative masonry
quadripartile vault
rib vault divided into four bays by two diagonal and two transverse ribs
chevet
eastern end of church; structure consisting of apse, choir, and radiating chapels
