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Architecture History - Exam 1 > 6. Romanesque/Gothic > Flashcards

6. Romanesque/Gothic Flashcards

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1
Q

Carolingian architecture refers to the buildings constructed during the reign of ____________.

A

Charlemagne

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2
Q

Ottonian architecture was primarily constructed in this country:

A

Germany

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3
Q

What was a “westwerk”?

A

monumental, west-facing entrance of church, two stair towers flank entrance

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4
Q

Charlemagne’s Palace was located in what city?

A

Aachen

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5
Q

The entrance of most Ottonian churches was located on which (N/E/S/W) facade?

A

west

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6
Q

A double apse (E and W) was a signature motif of (style) ______ churches.

A

Roman

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7
Q

Who were the Normans?

A

vikings that settles in NW France and later began crusading during which they were exposed to Byzantine architecture

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8
Q

What two architectural innovations did the Normans bring back from their adventures in the Mediterranean?

A

a. Pointed Arch

b. Flying Buttress

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9
Q

What is the difference between a Roman groin vault and a Gothic groin vault?

A

Roman: rounded arches
Gothic: pointed arches

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10
Q

From a construction standpoint, what problem did the pointed arch solve in the design of a gothic vault?

A

solved the problem of differential thrusts and crown heights

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11
Q

The largest church built in Europe prior to 1500 was:

A

Cluny III

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12
Q

Name the four levels of the nave elevation in Cluny III, starting from the ground:

A
  1. side aisle
  2. gallery
  3. clerestory
  4. vault
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13
Q

What is the shape of the resulting groin arch in a groin vault generated by the intersection of two semicircular barrel vaults?

A

diamond/square (in plan)

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14
Q

How is a Lombard vault generated?

A

wanted to increase height of vault, groin changed to circular profile

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15
Q

Why were flying buttresses used in Gothic cathedrals?

A

they allowed for windows since structure was now being supported by buttresses

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16
Q

Who is credited with the start of Gothic architecture?

A

Suger

17
Q

What was the first Gothic church?

A

St. Denis

18
Q

In the west front of St. Denis, name two features that were derived from St. Etienne in Caen, one featured inspired by Cluny III:

A
  1. Triparte of the westwerk & tall towers

2. takes entry portal from Cluny III

19
Q

What two gothic churches in Paris did King Louis VII sponsor?

A

a. St. Denis

b. Notre Dame

20
Q

barrel vault

A

formed by the extrusion of a single curve, simplest vault, arches placed side by side

21
Q

nave elevation: vault

A

arched ceiling

22
Q

nave elevation: side aisle

A

passageway from side of nave

23
Q

nave elevation: triforium gallery

A

shallow arched gallery within thickness of inner wall

24
Q

nave elevation: clerestory

A

walls that rise above the roofline and pierced with windows

25
Q

apse with with radiating chapels

A

semicircular recess housing altar, chapels radiate tangentially from it

26
Q

transcept

A

transverse section which lies across the main body of the building, perpendicular to nave

27
Q

crossing tower

A

tower above intersection of nave and transcept of church

28
Q

groin vault

A

intersection at right angle of two barrel vaults

29
Q

Lombard vault

A

groin vault constructed with semicircle diagonals

30
Q

sexpartile vault

A

rib vault divided into six bays by two diagonals and three transverse ribs

31
Q

pointed arch

A

arch with pointed appex, produces less thrust

32
Q

flying buttress

A

redirected lateral forces to ground; not in contact with wall-like traditional buttress

33
Q

tripartile elevation: side aisle, triforium gallery, clerestory/vault

A

reduced the zone that lies between the gallery, clerestory, and vault

34
Q

lantern

A

openwork construction placed on top of a building to admit light and allow smoke to escape

35
Q

ribbed vault

A

intersection of two or three barrel vaults, edged in decorative masonry

36
Q

quadripartile vault

A

rib vault divided into four bays by two diagonal and two transverse ribs

37
Q

chevet

A

eastern end of church; structure consisting of apse, choir, and radiating chapels

Architecture History - Exam 1 (12 decks)

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