12. Reform Flashcards
Give two aspects of the early Industrial Revolution in Great Britain that brought out the reform movement in design:
a. loss in craft/technique/quality
b. cheap replication of ornament = loss of association with power
Who was the first British architect to use the new theory of the zeitgeist in challenging his peers to improve British architecture in 1835?
Owen Jones
The German term for the “spirit of times” is:
Zeitgeist
Who was the first British architect to call for a new style of architecture appropriate to the 19th century?
Owen Jones
Owen Jones’ first book, which documented the Islamic tradition of ornament, was a study of the:
Alhambra in Grenada, Spain
____ was the first to propose to Prince Albert the idea for the Crystal Palace.
Cole
____ was the designer in control of the color scheme of the Crystal Palace.
Jones
How was the glass roof in the Crystal Palace protected from the heat of the sun?
outer canvas covering
How was the South Kensington School of Design originally funded?
with profits made from the international exhibition of 1851 in Crystal Palace
The Grammar of Ornament was authored by:
Jones
Define what Owen Jones meant by “repose”:
want of nothing; design is complete
Owen Jones had an important influence in the architecture of the late nineteenth century by promoting what two sources for the development of new ornamental systems?
a. Zeitgeist
b. regonalism
The author of Contrasts was ______.
Pugin
What was the one major difference between the ideas of Jones and those of Pugin?
Pugin - material, structural honesty, Gothic revival
Jones - wanted new style
Who were the two architects responsible for the reconstruction of the Houses of Parliament in 1836:
a. Barry
b. Pugin
Why did the guidelines for the Houses of Parliament competition strictly state the style to be used was either Gothic or Elizabethan?
French were being classical, British wanted to use opposite style
The L-shaped floor plan favored by Arts and Crafts designers was first championed by the theorist ______, as a critique of the symmetrical plans by ________.
Pugin
Palladio
_____, along with Thomas Carlyle, did more than anyone else to shape the culture of Victorian Britain.
Ruskin
The two books written by John Ruskin that pertain to architectural theory are:
a. The Seven Lamps of Architecture
b. The Stones of Venice
The “Red House”, symbol of the beginning of the Arts and Crafts movement in England was designed by which architect?
Webb
The movement in painting which influenced William Morris that was the parallel of the Gothic Revival in architecture was:
Pre-Raphaelism
What was the configuration of the floor plan in a typical Arts and Crafts house?
Why was this configuration used?
L-shaped
rejection of Palladio’s symmetry & was easy to add on in the future
