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BDS4 Orthodontics > 6 - Risks and benefits of orthodontics > Flashcards

6 - Risks and benefits of orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the benefits of orthodontics?

A
  • improvement in dental appearance
  • improvement in facial appearance
  • improvement in function
  • improvement in dental health
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2
Q

What are the psychological benefits of orthodontics?

A
  • severe malocclusions affect facial attractiveness which can cause people to be perceived unfavourably
  • correction can see improvement in self esteem
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3
Q

Which malocclusions see marked improvement in function after orthodontics?

A
  • large AOB
  • severe increased OJ
  • reverse OJ
  • ortho rarely improvements speech defects
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4
Q

What risks are associated with impacted teeth?

A
  • resorption
  • supernumerary teeth can prevent normal eruption
  • cyst formation
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5
Q

What risks are associated with increased overjet?

A

Risk of trauma (especially if lips are incompetent)

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6
Q

What risks are associated with anterior crossbites?

A
  • loss of periodontal support
  • tooth wear
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7
Q

What risks are associated with posterior crossbites?

A

Significant displacement can lead to asymmetry

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8
Q

What risks are associated with crowding?

A
  • caries, as teeth can be harder to clean
  • perio, as teeth are harder to clean, more calculus can accumulate
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9
Q

What risks are associated with deep traumatic overbites?

A
  • gingival stripping
  • loss of periodontal support
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10
Q

Can orthodontics be used to aid TMD?

A
  • do not offer to patients whose malocclusion does not warrant treatment
  • conservative treatment options should be explored first
  • orthodontics may exacerbate TMD, weak evidence to suggest any improvement
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11
Q

What are the main risks of orthodontic treatment?

A
  • decalcification
  • root resorption
  • relapse
  • soft tissue trauma
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12
Q

What are more rare risks of orthodontic treatment?

A
  • recession
  • loss of periodontal support
  • enamel fracture or tooth wear
  • loss of vitality
  • allergy
  • failed treatment
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13
Q

How do you prevent decalcification?

A
  • case selection
  • OH
  • diet advice
  • fluoride
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14
Q

What indicates a good case for selection for orthodontic treatment?

A
  • motivated patient
  • good OH prior to treatment
  • low caries risk
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15
Q

What are red flags for decalcification?

A
  • caries history
  • pre-existing decal
  • erosion
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16
Q

What is considered normal root resoorption from orthodontic treatment?

A

1mm over 2 years fixed appliances

17
Q

Which teeth are most commonly affect by root resorption?

A

Upper incisors > lower incisors > 6s

18
Q

What are risk factors for root resorption during orthodontics?

A
  • type of tooth movement (prolonged high forces, intrusion, torque, large movements)
  • root form (blunt or pipette)
  • previous trauma
  • nail biting
19
Q

Define relapse.

A

The return of the features of the original malocclusion following correction

20
Q

Which features of a malocclusion are most prone to relapse?

A
  • lower incisors
  • rotations
  • crowding
  • diastema
  • instanding laterals
  • bridgework
  • class II div 2
  • AOB
21
Q

How do you prevent relapse?

A
  • case selection
  • informed consent
  • retainers
22
Q

What are the different types of removable retainer?

A
  • clear occlusal retainer
  • pressure/vacuum formed retainer
  • essix
  • Hawley
23
Q

What are the benefits of a removable retainer?

A
  • remove for OH
  • part-time wear
  • patient control
  • easy to spot problem
24
Q

What are the problems associated with fixed retainers?

A
  • prone to plaque and calculus build up
  • can break without patient realising
25
Q

What symptoms are associated with soft tissue trauma?

A
  • pain or discomfort after adjustment
  • ulceration from components
26
Q

How do you prevent recession from orthodontics?

A
  • correct treatment planning, teeth should remain within bone to avoid overexpansion
  • avoid thin biotype where possible
  • warn patient, informed consent
  • gingival graft
27
Q

How do you prevent periodontal disease from orthodontics?

A
  • does not directly cause
  • can cause loss of support, ensure light forces are used
28
Q

What commonly causes tooth wear in orthodontics?

A

Ceramic brackets as they are hard than enamel

29
Q

What are the risks for loss of vitality from orthodontics?

A
  • excess force
  • previous trauma
  • compromised tooth (ie already restored)
30
Q

What allergies are associated with orthodontics?

A
  • nickel
  • latex
  • adhesive (colophony)
31
Q

What are the factors in poor or failed treatment?

A
  • clinician’s poor diagnosis, treatment plan or technique
  • patient’s unfavourable growth, poor cooperation
32
Q

What factors increase the success of treatment?

A
  • severity of malocclusion
  • patient motivation
  • operator expertise

BDS4 Orthodontics (14 decks)

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