6. Respiratoy system

Question 1

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory area?

Answer 1

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 2

What is special about the basal cells of the olifactory area?

Answer 2

The basal cells are stem cells that continuously turn over to replace the olfactory receptor cells. This is the only example in the adult human where neurons are replaced.

Question 3

Which gland under the olifactory epithelium produces serous fluid which dissolves odorous substances?

Answer 3

Bowman glands.

Question 4

What is adenoiditis?

Answer 4

Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil as a result of chronic inflammation.

Question 5

How many alveolis are in each lung?

Answer 5

300 million alveoli.

Question 6

Describe type I cells.

Answer 6

It is where oxygen is separated from the red blood cells of the alveolar capillaries.

Question 7

Describe type II cells.

Answer 7

Cuboidal-like cells that sit on the basa lamina of the epithelium. They provide alveolar surface to provide a coating of surfactant that reduces alveolar surface tension.

Question 8

What do alveolar macrophages do?

Answer 8

AKA dust cells, they are found on the surface of the alveoli. They are derived from monocytes that extravasate from alveolar capillaries. They continuously remove particles and other irritants in the alveoli by phagocytosis.