5. Integuments Flashcards
What are the five layers of the skin? Outwards to inwards.
Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale. [CLGSB]
Where does the epidermis come from?
Ectoderm
What is the cause of pemphigus?
An autoimmune blistering disorder caused by disrption of desmosomes linking keratinocytes.
What causes psoriasis?
Results from an increase in the number of proliferating cells in stratum basale plus stratum spinosum. In additionm there is an increase in the rate of cell turnover. This results in greater epidermal thickness and continous turnover of the epidermis.
Where are melanocytes derived from and where do they reside at the end?
From the neural crest cells. They are found in the dermis.
What causes Bullous pemphoigoid?
It is an autoimmune blistering disorder of the dermis-epidermis juntion. Immunofluorescence studies demostrate the presence of IgG that is directed against an antigen in the lamina lucida.
Where does the dermis derive from?
Mesoderm
What neurotransmitter innvervates Eccrine sweat glands?
Chlolinergic
What neurotransmitter innvervates Apocrine sweat glands?
Adrenergic [AA]
Where are apocrine sweat glands located?
In the axillar, areolar and anal region.
What do Langerhans cells do?
They are members of the immune system and function as antigen-presenting cells.
What do Merkel cells do?
Found in the basal epidermis and appear to function in concert w/ nerve fibers that are closely associated with them. They also contain catecholamine-producing cells.
What causes vitiligo?
It’s a disorder in which melanocytes are destroyed. It is thought to occur secondary to autoimmune dysfunction, leading to depigmentation.
What causes albanism?
Albanism occure when melanocytes are unable to synthesize melanin (either by absence of tyrosinase activity or inability of cells to take up tyrosine).
