6 Respiratory - COPD Flashcards
Bronchitis is
inflammation of the airways
Bronchitis is
inflammation of the airways
Emphysema is
destruction of the airways
What is COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema spectrum - most have a bit of both
Clinical features of COPD
Exertional dyspnoea (SOB)
Cough
Wheeze
Sputum production
Symptoms are typically fixed whiles disease is progressing (in contrast to variable asthma)
Best thing to do to treat COPD
stop smoking
How do we investigate COPD?
Spirometry
FER= FEV1/FVC
FEV1 - forced expiratory volume
FVC - forced vital capacity
COPD is an obstructive defect so the FER is….
What treatments actually improve survival (2)
Oxygen & smoking cessation
The rest improve exercise tolerance
Emphysema is
destruction of the airways
What is COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema spectrum - most have a bit of both
Clinical features of COPD
Exertional dyspnoea (SOB)
Cough
Wheeze
Sputum production
Symptoms are typically fixed whiles disease is progressing (in contrast to variable asthma)
Best thing to do to treat COPD
stop smoking
How do we investigate COPD?
Spirometry
FER= FEV1/FVC
FEV1 - forced expiratory volume
FVC - forced vital capacity
COPD is an obstructive defect so the FER is….
What treatments actually improve survival (2)
Oxygen & smoking cessation
The rest improve exercise tolerance
What treatments actually improve survival (2)
Oxygen & smoking cessation
The rest improve exercise tolerance
Main targets of COPD treatment
Reducing breathlessness and reducing exacerbations
e.g. of SABA
salbutamol
e.g. of LABA
salmeterol/formeterol
In what devices should we put LABAs?
e.g
ICS/LABA
e.g. seretide, symbacort
Fostair
Relvar
Duoresp
definition of exacerbation
a sustained worsening of the patient’s condition from the stable state and beyond normal day-to-day variations that is acute in onset and may warrant additional treatment
e.g. of LAMA
tiotropium also: Aclidinium Glycopyronnium Umeclidinium
Where does LAMA/LABA fit into the algorythm?
Not bad enough to need ICS
Where does LAMA/LABA fit into the algorythm?
Not bad enough to need ICS
What is LTOT?
Long term oxygen therapy
Who should be referred for LTOT?
-Patients with SaO2
who might be appropraite for ambulatory oxygen?
in hypoxic patients already on LTOT
