5 Cardiology - HF Flashcards
What is HF
impairment of the ability of the heart to efficiently pump blood
Symptoms of AF (4)
fatigue
breathlessness
general malaise
fluid retention
Classes of HF
1 - No limitations on physical activity
2 - ordinary physical activity causes limitations
3 - marked limitation of activity, but comfort at rest
4 - symptoms at rest
In the developed world the most common cause of HF is
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Causes of HF
CAD hpertension drugs endocrine nutritional cardiomyopathy infiltrative (cancer)
Good way to diagnose HF?
ultrasound
Good way to diagnose HF?
Echo (ultrasound)
Aims of HF treatment? (2)
- improve quality of life
- improve life expectancy
How do the kidneys react to less blood?
vasoconstricion - by producing more renin - cycle.
Good in blood loss but bad in HF. ACEi prevent this.
What B blockers do we use?
how do they work?
cardioselective
the work by stabilizing membrane and reducing arrhythmias
What diuretic is used in HF?
Spironolactone - others improve symptoms but not prognosis
Non-pharma treatment (5)
exercise diet weight reduction alcohol smoking
Full list of pharma treatments for HF (9)
ACEi Beta blockers Aldosterone Ag Digoxin Diuretics Hydralaxzine and nitrate combos Anticoagulants Antiplatelets Statins
2 new drugs
Eplerenon - aldosterone antagonist
Ivabradine - SA node blocker
