(6) Relations with Indigenous People

Question 1

Causes of the Indian Mutiny

Answer 1

• did not appreciate differences in religion
• EIC lost touch with ruling (eg. Sepoys)
• Enfield Rifles which used pig fat and this offended the people due to religious reason
• increased taxes

Question 2

Dalhousie Reforms in 1855

Answer 2

• a cause of the Mutiny
• tea plantations which damages economies and local landlords
• encouraged missionaries

Question 3

Events of the Indian Mutiny

Answer 3

• May: Sepoys in Meerut rose against English officers and killed them
• swiftly took control of Northern Cities but failed to restore Mughal empire
• Delhi, Cawnpore and Lucknow key areas of battle
• 70,000 new British troops
• British rule reasserted in June 1858 with Battle of Gwalior

Question 4

Impact of the Mutiny

Answer 4

• EIC control ended and created British Raj

- reformation of the army

Question 5

How Britain maintained support from Indians

Answer 5

• appeasement to old powers
• Viceroy Canning’s tour
• titles returned to natives
• Star of India medals
• Civil Service positions went to nobility
• more education

Question 6

Changes in British rule caused by the Mutiny

Answer 6

• Victoria supreme monarch
• Viceroy
• Cooperation with Princes, doctrine of Lapse dropped
• economic change with increased railway

Question 7

Summary of how the Mutiny effected the empire

Answer 7

• key turning point

- consolidate power in India and ensure control to prevent further mutiny’s

Question 8

Key Term: Bantu

Answer 8

• label for 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa
• inhabit geographically area from east to southward from central Africa to Southern Africa
• include: Xhosa, Pedi and Zulu tripes

Question 9

Key Term: West Griqualand

Answer 9

• state founded by Griqua people

- left Cape Colony to avoid racial persecution

Question 10

Impact of the Discovery of diamonds in S Africa

Answer 10

• in West Grinqualand

- created friction between original Grinqua people and the white settlers and Boers

Question 11

Areas of British Annexation in S Africa

Answer 11

• 1868 Basutoland, claiming indigenous people seeking British protection against Boers
• 1871 West Griqualand and then year later East Griqualand where the natives moved to
• tried to propose federation of British and Boer territories but Boers rejected it

Question 12

Impact of the tension between the British and Boers in S Africa

Answer 12

• instability as both tried to exert control

- competition for trade

Question 13

Xhosa War 1877-788 and further impact

Answer 13

• British disarmed tribesmen and annexed communities to the Cape
• Boers failed in their conflict with Pedi people so the success of Britain in comparison meant they maintained independence in Eastern Transvaal

Question 14

Reasons for Annexation of the Transvaal in 1877

Answer 14

• defend white Europeans against Pedi and Zulu people (powerful tribe)

Question 15

Impact of the British campaign in Ulundi 1879

Answer 15

• defeat Zulus
• defeated Pedi people
• Boers declares independence from Britain in 1880

Question 16

Boer’s attitude change towards Britain from 1880

Answer 16

• attacked British army garrison in Transvaal

- winning battle at Majuba Hill in 1881

Question 17

Convention of Pretoria

Answer 17

• signed after defeat at Majuba Hill
• recognised Boers as self governing Transvaal
• Britain still had right to control external affairs

Question 18

Impact of the arrival of the German’s in South-West Africa 1884

Answer 18

• raised fears of alliance with Boers

- Annexation of Bechuanaland, strategic as between Boers, Germany and

Question 19

Key Term: Crown Colony and how it applied to British S Africa

Answer 19

• a colony ruled directly by an appointee of the British crown and accountable to the colonial office
• Bechuanaland after annexation where Major General Warren refused to listen to Paul Kruger (Boer leader) promise to maintain order in the area

Question 21

Impact of the gold discoveries at Witwatersrand in 1886

Answer 21

• near Transvaal so meant instability

- non Boer Europeans came into the areas (Uitlanders)

Question 22

Cecil Rhodes in S Africa 1889

Answer 22

• charter for British South Africa Company in Oct
• extended British empire
• established fort at Salisbury to exert some more control

Question 23

How dominant were Britain in S Africa by 1890

Answer 23

• still instability

- far from assured

Question 24

Treatment of the Bantu people

Answer 24

• little thought given to them, preferred the extension of trade
• some economic growth in areas, mainly to white settlers
• limited rights for Bantu people, forced to live in certain areas
• African labourers