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H, Y1, Empire: (S1) 1857-90 Development of Imperialism > (4) Role of Individuals > Flashcards

(4) Role of Individuals Flashcards

1
Q

Key Term: Anglicans

A

Member of Protestant church with Victoria as it’s head

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2
Q

Key Term: Roman Catholic

A

Believed the Pope was the head of the church and rejected Anglicism

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3
Q

Key Term: Non conformists

A

Member of Protestant Church who acts independently

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4
Q

Key Term: Presbyterians

A

A Protestant non conformist group with Calvinist ideas (no Bishops, simple services) based mainly in Scotland

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5
Q

Key Term: Methodists

A

Protestant non conformist who shared some Presbyterian view and grew in working class during 19th century

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6
Q

Key Term: Secular

A

Without a religious basis (eg, Military, police or government)

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7
Q

Key Term: Federation

A

Union of states with a central power, leaving some independence to eternal affairs

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8
Q

Explorers: Reasons for their actions

A
  • sought fame and fortune

- deeper education and scientific factors

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9
Q

Explorers: What they did for others

A
  • opened up interior Africa (dark continent) by publishing findings
  • missionaries and traders could Esso and influence through this
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10
Q

David Livingston (explorer) key dates

A
  • had been in Africa for over 10 years

- 1859 began lecturing about his discoveries at Cambridge

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11
Q

David Livingstone (explorer) achievements/ details

A
  • very popular at home, inspiration
  • seen as an imperial Martyr who opened up the path for commerce and Christianity
  • explores Zambezi River
  • Consul of East Coast of Africa
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12
Q

Richard Burton (explorer) Dates

A
  • 1856 explored somaliland

- 1857-9 explored inland of Zanzibar

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13
Q

Richard Burton (explorer) achievements/ details

A
  • 43 volumes of exploration (books)

- wild and dangerous reputation as he wrote essays on pornography, homosexuality and the sexual education of woman

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14
Q

John Speke (Explorer) Dates

A
  • joined Burton’s somaliland exploration to find the source of the Nile
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15
Q

John Speke (Explorer) Achievements/ details

A
  • First to reach late Tanganyika and late Victoria
  • conclusions on the source of the note debated by Burton and disputed by men in England
  • committed suicide in 1864 before theories were fully debated
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16
Q

John Kirk (Explorer) Dates

A
  • 1868 medical officer in Zanzibar

- diplomat until 1885

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17
Q

John Kirk (Explorer) Achievements/ Details

A
  • ensures Zanzibar was a British client state which was key for trade of clove and ivory, had role in ending slavery
  • gave Britain a toe-hold in east coast of Africa
  • support of adventure, science and Christian duty
18
Q

Missionaries: Reasons for involvement in the Empire

A
  • spread Christianity

- mixture of adherence (commitment) and belief of the worthlessness of other religions

19
Q

Missionaries: How did they spread Christianity

A
  • compounds and set up churches

- offered materials, foods, education and personal advancement (through ‘white mans faith’)

20
Q

Missionaries: Negative effects

A
  • bases not always successful
  • conflict with indigenous people
  • conflict of interests with colonial authorities as duties undermined each other
  • sometimes aggressive through incisions (attacks)
21
Q

Amy Carmichael (Missionary)

A
  • based in India
  • rescued ‘temple children’ which were young girls in prostitution
  • set up orphanages
  • Founded Dohnavur Fellowship for child development
22
Q

Mary Slessor (Missionary)

A
  • lived among Nigerian tribes
  • fought to end local tradition of killing twins and often they’re mothers with them as the tradition worked for the devil
23
Q

Mary Carpenter (Missionary)

A
  • improved female education in India

- encourages colonial policy for improved provision of schools and hospitals

24
Q

London Missionary Society

A
  • based in South Pacific and Asia
  • looked for spread Christianity and grew rapidly
  • left mark in Samoa
25
Q

University Mission to Central Africa

A
  • includes universities such as: Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and Dublin
26
Q

Livingstone Inland Mission

A
  • spread of the faith in Africa (eg, Congo)
27
Q

Methodist Mission

A
  • conferences in New Zealand, Australia, Canada
  • establishes British rule in Figi in 1874
  • conferences in 1882 and 1883 in S Africa
  • further set up in China and the West Indies
28
Q

Traders: importance

A
  • changed imperial attitudes and seemed new markets/ materials
  • once commercial success, administration and missionary could follow
  • establishes British protectorates with influence in the governments
29
Q

Cecil Rhodes (Trader)

A
  • Britain was the finest race
  • civilise the world
  • exemplified British Imperialism
  • became wealthy, controlling 9/10s of diamond imports
  • chartered companies in S Africa
30
Q

William Mackinnon (Trader)

A
  • ‘self made’ businessmen
  • founded British India Steam Navigation Company
  • Founded British East African Company but eventually became bankrupt
  • founded the East African Scottish Misión
31
Q

George Goldie (Trader)

A
  • Palm oil business
  • founded Central African Trading Company in 1876
  • controlled trading posts in Niger River
  • Role in Berlin Conference (1884-85) protectorate over N/S Niger and chartering the Royal Niger Company
32
Q

Administrators: ‘Men on the Spot’

A
  • high colonial positions, stationed in colonies
  • people saw them as ‘running empire’ as colonial office only worked from London
  • had freedom for administration
  • men who wanted to expand British Imperialism
  • some began as explores or traders (Rhodes, Mackinnon, Goldie)
33
Q

Evelyn Baring (Administrator)

A
  • private secretary to Viceroy of India from 1872-1876
  • nicknamed ‘over-baring’
  • typical Victorian who was hard working, had idea of Britain being finest race
  • 1877 helped Egypt with financial difficulties, ignored
  • became consul-general of Egypt in 1883
  • passed Dufferin Report which made Egypt ‘Veiled Protectorate’
34
Q

Bartle Frere (Administrator)

A
  • began in Indian Civil Service which crushed Mutiny in 1857
  • chosen carry out plan unite British S Africa and Dutch Boer
  • started a war with Zulus which he saw as an obstacle to federation in 1878
  • Gladstone against him after British defeat at Isandhlwana in 1879 as he acted recklessly
35
Q

Similarities between explorers and missionaries

A

educate indigenous people

36
Q

Similarities between explorers and traders

A

Explorers set up links for trades and they searched for new materials

37
Q

Similarities between explorers and administrators

A

Explorers often became administrators

38
Q

Similarities between missionaries and traders

A

Missionary and traders would follow each other to set up links

39
Q

Similarities between missionaries and administrators

A

Sense of superiority (politically and religiously)

40
Q

Similarities between traders and administrators

A

Interest in wealth + traders became administrators

41
Q

Differences between explorers, missionaries, traders and administrators

A
  • ex motivated by curiosity and adventure
  • miss motivated by Christianity
  • Trad motivated by wealth
  • Adm motivated by power + status

H, Y1, Empire: (S1) 1857-90 Development of Imperialism (5 decks)

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