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H, Y1, Empire: (S1) 1857-90 Development of Imperialism > (3) Trade and Commerce > Flashcards

(3) Trade and Commerce Flashcards

1
Q

Key Term: Cornucopia and how it applies to the empire

A
  • means ‘horn of plenty’, abundant supply of good things

- romantics saw empire as this through the trade from all parts of the world and British prosperity

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2
Q

Key Term: mercantilist

A
  • regulations for governing trade
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3
Q

How mercantilism worked within the empire?

A
  • Britain as the monopolised country
  • colonies expected to send all produce to Britain
  • buy British goods
  • use British ships
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4
Q

Key Term: protectionist

A
  • using tariffs and particular duties on imported goods to regulate trade
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5
Q

Adam’s Smith theory on free trade (2nd half of 19th C) in the empire

A
  • enforced trade agreements with countries through naval test
  • imperial investment and trade grew
  • London became financial capital and Britain world for most trading nation
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6
Q

Why colonial countries still trades with Britain?

A
  • sense of loyalty

- duty

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7
Q

How British industry contributed to free trade

A
  • foodstuffs and raw material was converted in Britain and usually sold back to colonies
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8
Q

Infrastructure: Clipper ships

A
  • small speedy boats

- transported spices, luxuries, mail and people

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9
Q

Infrastructure: Steam Ships

A
  • used to transport people around the world
  • used less coal so was more economically
  • cut time to 3 weeks for Britain to West Africa travel
  • used in 1870s send goods up Niger River
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10
Q

Infrastructure: Why railways were significant and an example of a colony where it worked

A
  • known as ‘railway’ imperialism

- Canada forced to accept British polices on defence as the price for London capital was a garentee

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11
Q

Infrastructure: Where Railways provided links in rural areas

A
  • opened up Canadian prairies
  • enabled Austrian to export wheat and wool
  • South A expand mining industry
  • India export cotton and jute from Bombay and Calcutta
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12
Q

Infrastructure: uses of canals

A
  • used by explorers
  • facilitate trade
  • they were straightened, widened or deepened for further use
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13
Q

Infrastructure: examples of canals

A
  • new canals developed after 1857 to improve access to India

- Canadian canals deepened around Great Lakes to overcome heigh difference between major lakes

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14
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Countries with successful Agriculture

A
  • most colonials apart from India
  • Canada, aus, New Z produced cheap foodstuff and wool
  • tropical countries (South A) producer sugar, coffee, cocoa ext
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15
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Where and what plantations where used for?

A
  • ‘coolies’ transported to work in West Indian colonies for fixed periods
  • in Africa as well in British East Africa and Tanganyia
  • tea in India
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16
Q

Products of trade and commerce: How were the coolies treated?

A
  • paid low

- unpleasant conditions

17
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Reasons for mining and where it occurred

A
  • desire to discover precious metals
  • discovery of minerals in South Africa
  • copper in N Rhodesia and gold in S
18
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Mining in South Africa

A
  • Gold deposits in Witwatersrand in 1886
  • 30,000 Brits travelled for Transvaal gold mining
  • discovery of diamonds
19
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Significance of gold in Australia

A
  • New South Wales
  • 1/3 total world production
  • tan dry by 1860s
  • new wave in the 1880s
20
Q

Products of trade and commerce: Extent of expansion of industry within colonial country themselves

A
  • little development
  • very small internal markets and could not compete with Britain under free trade
  • Internal markets destroyed through Britain exploitation
21
Q

Key Term: chartered companies

A
  • gain legal rights and privileges to prevent challengers to a trading companies position
  • company run territory indirectly in area it operated in
22
Q

Chartered companies in the 1850s and 1860s

A
  • competition between companies seen as healthy

- successful capitalism

23
Q

Chartered companies in the 1870s

A
  • attitude change
  • European and American industrialism
  • Great Depression which began in 1873
  • chartered companies changed to extend British control
24
Q

1881 North Borneo Trading Company

A
  • received charter
  • coal, iron and copper
  • tobacco and coffee
  • key strategically in S China sea as between India and Hong Kong
25
Q

More examples of Chartered Companies in Africa

A
  • Royal Niger Company 1886
  • Imperial British East Africa Company 1888
  • British South Africa Company 1889
26
Q

Imperial Federation League

A
  • supported the development of chartered companies
  • promote colonial unity
  • establishes branches throughout the country

H, Y1, Empire: (S1) 1857-90 Development of Imperialism (5 decks)

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