6: Personality & Mental Health Flashcards
define: diathesis
an inherent vulnerability to develop an illness.
what are the 3 challenges of identifying personality diathesis?
There could be several diathesis per disorder
There may be protective factors
Specific Vulnerability Hypothesis (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992): Diathesis may be differentially sensitive to certain types of (congruent) stressor
what are the 4 personality diathesis for depression?
high autonomy
self-critical personality style
pessimistic explanatory style
high dependancy
what are the 3 reasons for the inconsistencies in findings surrounding the personality diathesis model for depression?
There is little focus on other risk and protective factors (e.g. self-esteem).
Too much emphasis on individual stress level relative to the group.
Researchers cannot classify stressful events for each individual.
what did using children’s depressive experience questionnaire & self esteem measure find about the predictive nature of stress on depression?
those with high dependency, and low self-esteem were the most likely to be depressed, especially if they were stressed
low dependency & self-esteem was not affected by stress
-just look at graph
define: SZ genes
change the way the brain develops in the womb (linked to schizophrenia)
define: schizotaxia
CNS anomalies linked to schizophrenia
define: schizotypy
manifestation of schizotaxia in personality
define: Endophenotypes
clusters of schizophrenia type symptoms with the absence of a diagnosis (eg working memory problems)
in Kwapil’s(2013) looking at undergraduate students, what did positive schizotypy lead to in later life?
mood disorder, substance abuse & schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
in Kwapil’s(2013) looking at undergraduate students, what did negative schizotypy lead to in later life?
schizoid traits, lower relationship closeness & schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
define: abberation
hallucinations
what did Haslam suggest was the cause of negative schizotypy?
birth complications
what did Haslam suggest was the cause of positive schizotypy?
chaotic environment
define: cognitive abbaration
false connection, leads to better bisociation - linking less linked ideas
which components of schizotypy did comedians score higher than actors on?
introverted anhedonia
cognitive disorganisation
impulsive nonconformity
which components of schizotypy did poets score higher than controls on?
unexpected experiences
cognitive disorganisation
impulsive nonconformity
- Highest levels of schizotypy for ‘avant-garde’ poets
what proportion of pets researched met the criteria for self-reported bipolar
18%
