6. Origin of disparities Flashcards
Gini coefficient
a statistical technique used to show the extent of income inequality in a country. With values between 0 and 1, a low value indicates a more equal income distribution while a high value means more unequal income distribution.
Cumulative causation
the process whereby a significant increase in economic growth can lead to even more growth as more money circulates in the economy.
Economic core region
the most highly developed region in a country with advanced systems of infrastructure and high levels of investment resulting in high average income.
Periphery
the parts of a country outside the economic core region. The level of economic development in the periphery is significantly below that of the core.
Slum
a heavily populated urban area characterised by substandard housing and squalor.
Urbanisation of poverty
the gradual shift of global poverty from rural to urban areas with increasing urbanisation.
Indigenous population
people descending from the original ethnic group(s) to populate a country. Other ethnic groups migrating to that country at a later period of time may come to dominate the indigenous population in various ways.
Privatisation
the sale of state-owned assets to the private sector.