5. Measurements of regional and global disparities Flashcards
Development
the use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
Gross National Income (GNI)
comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. its GDP), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.
Gross National Income per capita
the GNI of a country divided by its total population.
GNI at purchasing power parity (PPP)
here the GNI of a country is converted into US dollars on the basis of how the value of the currency compares with that of other countries.
Development gap
the difference in income and the quality of life in general between the richest and poorest countries in the world.
Human Development Index (HDI)
a measure of development which combines three important aspects of human well-being: life expectancy, education and income.
Least developed countries (LDCs)
the poorest and weakest economies in the developing world as identified by UNCTAD.
Newly industrialised countries (NICs)
countries that have undergone rapid and successful industrialisation since the 1960s.
Infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.
Education
the gradual process of acquiring knowledge, understanding and skills.
Adult literacy rate
the percentage of the adult population with basic reading and writing skills.
Sustainable development
development that seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations.
Malnutrition
the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
Marginalisation
the process of being pushed to the edge of economic activity, of being largely left out of positive economic trends.
