6. Organohalides Radical Halogenation Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a radical?

A

a atom with an unpaired electron

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2
Q

what type of arrow is used in radical reactions?

A

single-headed arrows

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3
Q

how do you predict where a radical reaction will transfer to?

A

the place where the radical is most stable

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4
Q

what are three things to consider when considering radical stability?

A
  1. hyperconjugation; whether the radical is tertiary, secondary or primary because the more substituted atom is more stable
  2. resonance, ability to move the radical
  3. hybridization; the less s character on the carbon, the more stable the radical is
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5
Q

how can you tell which carbon bond is weakest according to radical stability?

A

the more substituted it is

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5
Q

what is radical halogenation?

A

a reaction that allows halogens to be added to alkanes

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6
Q

What do radical halogenation reactions need to be performed and why?

A

they need a high temperature or light to initiate radical formation

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7
Q

what is shown above and below the arrow of radical halogenation reactions?

A

two of one halogen above the arrow and heat below the arrow

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8
Q

what are the three steps for radical reactions?

A
  1. initiation; a bond between two atoms turns into a radical on each atom
  2. propagation: the radical atom substitutes the bonded atom to become bonded
  3. termination; two atoms with radicals bonds together to get rid of their radicals
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9
Q

describe the general reaction of hydrohalogenation reactions with peroxide.

A

a molecule with a double bond has a halogen bond where the double bond is to reduce the double bond

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10
Q

how can you tell what the major product would be regarding hydrohalogenation reactions?

A

the major molecule will be the molecule with the most substituted halogen

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11
Q

how are the halogens added to the double bond in hydrohalogenation reactions?

A

to the least substituted carbon in the double bond using anti-Markovnikov

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12
Q

what molecules are used above and below the arrow of a hydrohalogenation reaction with peroxide?

A

hydrogen bonded to a halogen above the arrow and ROOR below the arrow

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