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CHM136 Wizeprep > 2. Acid/Base Reactions > Flashcards

2. Acid/Base Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a bronsted lowry acid?

A

a molecule that gives protons

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1
Q

what is a bronsted lowry base and what is it used to do?

A

a molecule that accepts protons from another molecule and is used to deprotonate compounds

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2
Q

what happens when an acid and a base react together?

A

they form a conjugate acid and base

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3
Q

what is an Arrhenius acid?

A

a substance that dissociates in water and gives off protons

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4
Q

what is an Arrhenius base?

A

a substance that dissociates in water and gives of hydroxides

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5
Q

what is a Lewis acid?

A

a substance that collects electrons from a covalent bond

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6
Q

what is a Lewis base?

A

a substance that gives electrons to form a covalent bond

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7
Q

what happens to the pka and the acidity when ka goes up?

A

pka goes down and acidity goes up

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8
Q

what will a strong acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?

A

a weak base that is stable

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9
Q

what will a weak acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?

A

a strong base that is unstable

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10
Q

what is electronegativity?

A

how much an atom attracts electrons toward itself

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11
Q

what happens to the stability of a base as it gets more electronegative?

A

the base becomes more stable

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12
Q

what happens to the stability as a base gets larger?

A

the base becomes more stable

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13
Q

what happens to the stability of a base with more resonance?

A

the base becomes more stable

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14
Q

what happens to the stability as a base has more s-character?

A

the base becomes more stable

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15
Q

what happens to the stability of a base when there is presence of an electronegative atom?

A

the base becomes more stable

16
Q

what happens to acidity the more stable a molecule is?

A

acidity increases

17
Q

how can you tell in which direction the equilibrium arrow will lie?

A

the direction of the reaction that is less acidic

18
Q

what is the job of pH?

A

measure how acidic a solution is

19
Q

what is the job of pKa?

A

measure how acidic a hydrogen atom is on a molecule

20
Q

what is the concentration of acid and its conjugate base if ph=pka?

A

the concentration of acid and its conjugate base is the same

21
Q

how do amino acids differ?

A

in their side chain

21
Q

what are the functional groups of amino acids?

A

amino acid and carboxylic acid

22
Q

what does it mean if the pH is between 1 and 3?

A

the solution is acidic

23
Q

what does it mean if the pH is between 6 and 8?

A

the solution is neutral

24
Q

what does it mean if the pH is between 11 and 13?

A

the solution is a basic

25
Q

what are the characteristics of an acidic amino acid?

A

-added hydrogen to the amino group so there are three hydrogens

-plus sign at animo group because hydrogen was added

-carboxylic acid keeps the hydrogen in the hydroxyl component

26
Q

what are the characteristics of a neutral amino acid?

A

-the amino group has three hydrogens and a plus sign

-hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge

-both positive and negative charge

27
Q

what are the characteristics of a basic amino acid?

A

-amino group has only two hydrogens and no positive charge

-hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge

28
Q

what is the formula to calculate pH?

A

negative log of the H+

29
Q

what is the formula to calculate pKa/pKb?

A

negative log of ka/kb

30
Q

is a molecule deprotonated or protonated if the pH is lower than the pKa?

A

protonated, protons added

31
Q

is a molecule deprotonated or protonates if the pH is higher than the pKa?

A

deprotonated, protons taken away

CHM136 Wizeprep (11 decks)

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