2. Acid/Base Reactions Flashcards
what is a bronsted lowry acid?
a molecule that gives protons
what is a bronsted lowry base and what is it used to do?
a molecule that accepts protons from another molecule and is used to deprotonate compounds
what happens when an acid and a base react together?
they form a conjugate acid and base
what is an Arrhenius acid?
a substance that dissociates in water and gives off protons
what is an Arrhenius base?
a substance that dissociates in water and gives of hydroxides
what is a Lewis acid?
a substance that collects electrons from a covalent bond
what is a Lewis base?
a substance that gives electrons to form a covalent bond
what happens to the pka and the acidity when ka goes up?
pka goes down and acidity goes up
what will a strong acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?
a weak base that is stable
what will a weak acid produce when dissolved in a solvent in terms of its conjugate?
a strong base that is unstable
what is electronegativity?
how much an atom attracts electrons toward itself
what happens to the stability of a base as it gets more electronegative?
the base becomes more stable
what happens to the stability as a base gets larger?
the base becomes more stable
what happens to the stability of a base with more resonance?
the base becomes more stable
what happens to the stability as a base has more s-character?
the base becomes more stable
what happens to the stability of a base when there is presence of an electronegative atom?
the base becomes more stable
what happens to acidity the more stable a molecule is?
acidity increases
how can you tell in which direction the equilibrium arrow will lie?
the direction of the reaction that is less acidic
what is the job of pH?
measure how acidic a solution is
what is the job of pKa?
measure how acidic a hydrogen atom is on a molecule
what is the concentration of acid and its conjugate base if ph=pka?
the concentration of acid and its conjugate base is the same
how do amino acids differ?
in their side chain
what are the functional groups of amino acids?
amino acid and carboxylic acid
what does it mean if the pH is between 1 and 3?
the solution is acidic
what does it mean if the pH is between 6 and 8?
the solution is neutral
what does it mean if the pH is between 11 and 13?
the solution is a basic
what are the characteristics of an acidic amino acid?
-added hydrogen to the amino group so there are three hydrogens
-plus sign at animo group because hydrogen was added
-carboxylic acid keeps the hydrogen in the hydroxyl component
what are the characteristics of a neutral amino acid?
-the amino group has three hydrogens and a plus sign
-hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge
-both positive and negative charge
what are the characteristics of a basic amino acid?
-amino group has only two hydrogens and no positive charge
-hydrogen is taken away from the hydroxyl component of the carboxylic acid and now there is a negative charge
what is the formula to calculate pH?
negative log of the H+
what is the formula to calculate pKa/pKb?
negative log of ka/kb
is a molecule deprotonated or protonated if the pH is lower than the pKa?
protonated, protons added
is a molecule deprotonated or protonates if the pH is higher than the pKa?
deprotonated, protons taken away
