6 - organic part 2 Flashcards
nucleophile
a species that donates a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond with an electron-deficient atom
hydrolysis reaction
one in which water or hydroxide ions replace an atom in a molecule with an -OH group
nitriles
organic compounds containing the C-CN group
primary amines
compounds containing the C-NH2 group
nucleophilic substitutions
reaction in which an attacking nucleophile replaces an existing atom or group in a molecule
ethanolic solution
where ethanol is the solvent
elimination reaction
where a molecule loses atoms attached to adjacent carbon-atoms, forming a C=C double bond
halogenation reaction
results in the replacement of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule by a halogen atom
dehydration reaction
results in the removal of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule, together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon atom, forming a C=C double bond
ketones
a homologous series of organic compounds formed by oxidation of a secondary alcohols
aldehydes
a homologous series of organic compounds formed by the partial oxidation of primary alcohols
carboxylic acids
a homologous series of organic compounds formed by the complete oxidation of primary alcohols
heating under reflux
involves heating a reaction mixture with a condenser fitted vertically
distillation with addition
involves heating a reaction mixture, but adding another liquid and distilling off the product as it forms
simple distillation
used to separate liquids with very different boiling points
