6. Nutrition, cultivation, growth Flashcards
Describe macronutrients
Elements required in fairly large amounts
Describe micronutreinets
Metals needed in very small amounts
Describe growth factors
Organic compounds needed in very small amounts
What is a heterotroph?
Uses organic carbon sources - presynthesized by someone else
What is a autotroph?
Uses an inorganic carbon form, e.g. CO2
What is a photolito- and photoorganotroph.
Both use light as energy form.
Lito=inorganic (plants, algae)
Organo=organic (certain bacteria)
What is a chemolitotroph and a chemoorganotroph?
Uses chemicals as energy form
lito=inorganic (certain bacteria)
organo=organic (most bacteria and fungi)
Describe the way of using H, HS, S, NH4, NO2- and Fe2+ as electron donor.
H2 + 1/2 O2 -> H20
HS- + H+ 1/2 O2 -> S0 + H20
S0 + 3/2 O2 + H2O -> SO4 2- + 2H+
NH4+ + 3/2 O2 + H2O -> NO2- + 2H+
NO2- + 1/2 O2 -> NO3-
Fe2+ + H+ 1/4 O2 -> Fe3+ + 1/2 H2O
Describe catabolism and anabolism.
Catabolism is energy “yielding”
Anabolism is energy consuming.
What are the types of work (4) microorganism do?
1) flagellar movements.
2) Transport molecules against concentration gradients – uptake.
3) Maintenance – non-growth related reactions and processes such as: keep optimal concentration of metabolites and ions…, building and maintaining turgor pressure.
4) Drive otherwise energetically unfavourable reactions (via ATP)
What is ATP used for?
Carrier of available, useful energy. All energy requiring processes in a cell directly or indirectly coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Mobile: the cell’s energy currency. Central role between catavolism and anabolism. Substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. Phosphorylation agent, gives activated intermediary.
Why is iron important?
Iron – major role in cellular respiration (electron transport), key components of cytochromes and iron-sulphur proteins.
To obtain iron from various insoluble minerals, cells produce agents called siderophores – bind iron and transport it into the cell.
What is aquachelin?
Many marine siderophores are surface-active and tend to form molecular aggregates, for example aquachelins. The presence of the fatty acyl chain renders the molecules with a high surface activity and an ability to form micelles.[34] Thus, when secreted, these molecules bind to surfaces and to each other, thereby slowing the rate of diffusion away from the secreting organism and maintaining a relatively high local siderophore concentration
What is generation time?
The time it takes for a microorganism to increase one generation.
What is my?
My is the specific growth rate.
my=ln2/G
