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Geriatrics > 6. Nutrition > Flashcards

6. Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Oral factors contributing to nutritional issues in elderly

A
  • Ability to chew
  • Taste and smell
  • Xerostomia (drug induced)
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2
Q

Physical factors contributing to nutritional issues in elderly

A
  • Absorption
  • Metabolism of nutrients
  • Energy requirements and activities
  • Medication affect on appetite and absorption
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3
Q

Functional factors contributing to nutritional issues in elderly

A
  • Changes in eyesight/hearing
  • Disability such as arthritis/stroke
  • Inability to shop/cary groceries
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4
Q

Psychosocial factors contributing to nutritional issues in elderly

A
  • Loneliness/isolation
  • Loss of appetite/interest in eating
  • Finances
  • Depression
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5
Q

Examples of different changes in absorption

A
  • Atrophy of intestinal mucosa (seen in 25% of >60 y/o)
  • Enzyme deficiencies –> decrease in intrinsic factor –> pernicious anemia
  • Decreased lactase function
  • Decreased fat absorption
  • Changes in GI mobility –> constipation and laxative abuse
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6
Q

BMR (basal metabolic rate) drops _% from 30-60 y.o

A

30

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7
Q

Calorie and protein requirement increases under what conditions

A

-Stress associated with fever, trauma, surgery and disease

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8
Q

What senses of taste acuity decline with age

A

-Bitter, salt and umami (not sweet and sour)

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9
Q

Zinc deficiency can influence

A

taste acuity

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10
Q

What is a functional unit

A

A chewing pair (opposing teeth)

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11
Q

Do you need teeth to absorb nutrients

A

Most nutrients no- the only foods it did matter for where chicken breast, chicken leg and stewed lamb (Class II foods)

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12
Q

What percent chewing efficiency is needed for complete absorption of class II foods

A

23%

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13
Q

Do soft relines improve chewing efficency

A

yes

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14
Q

Why do we need good function

A
  • Choking
  • Food choice
  • Comfort
  • Confidence
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15
Q

T/F Number of chewing strokes increases as dentition deteriorates

A

F- number of chewing strokes is a hibit and doesn’t change

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16
Q

Lack of dentition leads to an avoidance of what kinds of foods

A
  • Crunchy in texture
  • Fewer raw foods (carrots, apples, etc)
  • Leafy foods
17
Q

Vitamin levels in denture wearers tend to be low for what reason

A

food choice

18
Q

Increased cholestrol can lead to what adverse health conditions

A

heart disease or stroke

19
Q

Decreased fiber can lead to what adverse health conditions

A

Colon cancer

20
Q

Decreased fruits and veggies can lead to what adverse health conditions

A

vitamin deficiency

21
Q

Significant association between weight (loss/gain) with edentulism

A

both

22
Q

The most validated functional measure of nutritional status is

A

fist-grip dynamometry (FGD) –> tests grip strength

23
Q

What is most widely used during lab test for FGD

A

serum protein levels

24
Q

Retinol binding protein increase suggests

A

renal failute

25
Q

Albumin level decrease indicates

A

liver failure

26
Q

Machine used to measure fat percentage

A

DEXA (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) or Harpenden calipers

27
Q

DEXA overestimates fat on (over/under) weight people and underestimates fat on (fat/lean) people

A

over… lean

28
Q

T/F People with more teeth live longer

A

t

29
Q

Impact of nutrition on oral disease

A
  • Reduction in micronutrients critical for mucosal turnover manifest as oral mucosal disease
  • FE and B12, Folate-necessary for mucosal integrity
  • Atrophic tongue anemia or VitB deficiency
  • Oral ulcerations and red lesions higher in deficient pt.
  • Burning mouth
  • Angular chelitis
30
Q

Effect of alcohol on oral cavity

A
  • Erosive atterns due to acidity of some drinks or frequent emesis
  • Increased dental caries due to high sugar in some drinks and neglect
  • Increased risk of oral carcinoma
31
Q

People with poor dentition consume a diet high in

A

refined carbs

32
Q

_ deficiency has been associated with premalignant lesiosn

A

Fe

33
Q

_ may mitigate perio disease

A

antioxidants

34
Q

Signs of nutritional deficiency in the mucosa and what nutrients

A

Chelitis (angular stomatitis) –> folic acid, iron, niacin, protein, riboflavin, and B12

35
Q

Signs of nutritional deficiency in the gingiva and what nutrients

A
  • Predisposition to bacterial infection
  • Capillary wall defects

niacin, and VitC

36
Q

Signs of nutritional deficiency in the tongue and what nutrients

A
  • Reddening of tip and edges
  • Magenta color
  • Granular dorsum
  • Shiny tongue
  • Lingual burning

VitB complex, niacin, riboflavin, Fe, protein, B12

37
Q

Disease associated with vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy

38
Q

Psychosocial aspects of poor nutrition

A
  • Avoid social contects that involve eating
  • Embarrased cutting food into small peices and struggling with chewing
  • Unfamiliar foods (meals on wheels)
  • Loss of spouse that prepared them food
  • Low income
39
Q

T/F improvement of oral function results in dietary improvment

A

f- but there is an improvement in perceived chewing ability BUT there is improvement if there is improvement of function AND concerted dietary intervention

Geriatrics (11 decks)

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