6: Nutrition Flashcards
Why is nutrition essential?
Growth and development
Energy for metabolism
Immune system
What drives growth in the
a) infant
b) child
c) pubertal stages of growth?
a) Nutrition
b) Growth hormone
c) Sex hormones
What is the estimated average requirement?
Median line on a bell curve of nutritional intake vs number of people, i.e the average energy requirement of a population
What value of nutritional intake is 2 standard deviations above the estimated average requirement and is sufficient for 97% of the population?
Reference nutrient intake
What is the reference nutrient intake for protein?
12.7g to 14.5g
from 4 to 18 months respectively
Most infants (do / don’t) exceed their estimated average requirement for energy intake.
What is a consequence of this?
do exceed it
meaning they gain weight > obesity
Where is Vitamin A acquired in the diet?
Cheese
Eggs
Yoghurt
Where is Vitamin C acquired in the diet?
Oranges
Blackcurrants
Potatoes
How is Vitamin D acquired?
Sunlight
Oily fish
Eggs
Who should take Vitamin D supplements?
Children not on formula milk
Breastfeeding mothers
Virtually everyone else in Scotland
What is the reference nutrient intake for sodium?
280mg - 500mg
from 4 months to 18 months respectively
Most infants (fall below / exceed) the RNI for sodium.
exceed
How many portions of oily fish should children eat per week?
1 / week
What is the physical activity guideline for children 0-5 years?
At least 3 hours (180 mins) per day
(if child is capable of walking)
What is the physical activity guideline for children aged 5 - 18 years old?
> 60 mins physical activity / day
at least 3 days
What is the physical activity guideline for adults?
> 30 mins of physical activity
at least 5 days a week
For how long should infants be breastfed?
First six months of life
What should be used as a breast milk substitute only if required?
Can it replace breast milk?
Infant formula
No, not as nutritionally complete
What is weaning?
Moving on from exclusively milk to foods
Why is weaning necessary?
At > 6 months breast milk alone doesn’t satisfy infant’s dietary requirements
Also their iron stores are depleted
What is the minimum age you should wean your child?
What is the recommended age?
4 months
6 months
When should cow’s milk be introduced to a child’s diet?
Which type?
12 months
Full fat
When can
semi-skimmed milk
skimmed milk
be introduced to a child’s diet?
2 years
5 years
The first foods you give to a child during weaning should be free of what and high in what?
Free of gluten
High in iron
Foods which a child may potentially be allergic to should be introduced (all at once / individually).
individually
When weaning a child, the foods you given them should be (high / low) in salt and sugar.
low in salt and sugar
How often should a child be fed
a) between 6 and 8 months
b) after 9 months?
a) 2 - 3 times a day
b) 3 - 4 times a day
What are the four areas of development?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social interaction and play
What’s better - formula milk or breast milk?
Why?
Contains all them nutrients
Immunological components
Growth factors
What social factors are associated with poor growth?
Deprivation
Neglect
Exposure to which chemicals:
a) reduce dental caries risk
b) increase dental caries risk?
a) Fluoride
b) Sugar
Children who are obese tend to be ___ in adulthood.
obese
Children who are deprived tend to be ___ earlier than those who aren’t.
weaned
