2: Growth, puberty and adolescence Flashcards
Average weight of a baby is what?
3.5kg
Babies of mothers with uncontrolled diabetes tend to be (bigger / smaller).
What is this called?
bigger
Macrosomia
How do you determine if a child’s growth if normal?
Growth chart
In a Gaussian distribution, what is the line in the middle called?
Mean / median / 50th centile
What is a standard deviation?
Measure of variability from the mean
What is a z score?
Number of standard deviations from the mean
In a Gaussian distribution, what percentage of values are
a) within 1 SD of the mean
b) within 2 SDs of the mean?
a) 68.3%
b) 95.4%
What can you say about a child’s growth if they are
a) staying on centiles
b) crossing centiles?
a) Growing normally
b) Not growing normally
What is height velocity?
Change in height over time
What two criteria need to be true for you to say a child is growing normally?
Measurements are normal for kids their age
Rate of growth is normal for kids their age
How is weight distribution changing in response to obesity?
Shift to right
Longer tail on the right (normal is shifted slightly to right but there are more extremes)
The average height of the population is (increasing / decreasing).
increasing
Height is measured on (inspiration / expiration).
expiration
too much variability otherise
The pubertal growth spurt is (greater / smaller) and (earlier / later) in girls than in boys.
Why?
smaller
earlier
Less testosterone
Which two functions on a growth chart can you use to calculate the height a child
a) should be
b) is going to be based off their current height
a) Mid-parental height
b) Adult height predictor
At what age do boys and girls tend to enter puberty?
11 years old
Girls earlier, boys later
Which hormones drive puberty?
Gonadotrophins
FSH and LH
What is the marker of puberty in girls?
Thelarche
breast bud development
cannot be said to be in puberty until then
When does menarche occur in girls?
Around 2 years after thelarche
so 13 years old
What is an indicator of pubertal stage in boys and girls?
Girls - breast budding
Boys - testicular volume
What is precocious puberty?
Is it more common in girls or boys?
Onset of puberty before 8 / 9 (girls / boys)
More common in girls
What is delayed puberty?
Is it more common in girls or boys?
No puberty by the age of 13 / 14 (girls / boys)
More common in boys
