6 Memory for truth and falsity Flashcards
What are similarities between Cartesian & Spinozan model of memory for truth & falsity?
2 stages: representation & assessment
What are differences between Cartesian & Spinozan model of memory for truth & falsity?
representation: Spinoza: true, Descartes: no tag
assessment: Spinoza: if needed: True tag changed to false, Descartes: true or false tag
Which model, Cartesian or Spinozan model of memory for truth & falsity has been confirmed to be more accurate in describing processes underlying memory for truth & falsity?
neither
Spinoza: evidence from experiment with statement: feedback (right/wrong) -> interruption
interruption => false information more often confused as true but not the other way around
Descardes: evidence from similar experiment -> no difference between rates
Define cognitive load/divided attention.
Cognitive load = amount of mental effort being used in the working memory
impacts memory => poorer recall & recognition
can change nature of encoding (less semantic)
What are examples of introducing cognitive load/divided attention in an experimental setting?
vary task complexity
provide varying amounts of material/trials to encode
vary time of presentation
use distraction/dual-task (multitasking)
induce stress
use simple reactions vs. complex reactions tasks (e.g. parity judgement (even/odd) for picture & tone
What is the effect of value in memory?
Items with high value are memorized better
How does the effect of value correspont with the effect of truth?
true items are assigned a higher value => are remembered better
Describe the value-directed remembering procedure.
Task consists of items to be remembered along with varying degrees of value
Participants are asked to prioritize memorizing higher value items over lower value
-> better memory performance for high value items (better than without value & better than for low value)
participants are sensitive for valu
What are two possible cognitive/neurocognitive mechanisms that drive the effect of value/the effect of truth?
more attentional ressources are allocated during the study phase to high value items
highly values items are processed on a deeper semantic level
value-directed remembering involves reward & activates dopaminergic brain regions