12 Sleep (Kuhlmann) Flashcards
Explain the basic source monitoring paradigm.
study phase: words presented at the top/bottom of the screen
then after specific time: Test phase
What are the two types of source monitoring tests typically used?
Simultaneous source monitoring test format: word presented, choices: top, bottom, new
Standard sequential source monitoring test format: word presented, choices: old, new, if old: choices: top, bottom
How can item & source memory be disentangled from the test responses?
Through the 2HTSM (two-high threshold multinomial model of source monitoring)
responses can be caused by guessing/knowing
parameters d for Source memory & D for item memory can be calculated through having a full set of answers for each person
certain restrictions to make the model calculatable
Briefly sketch the active system consolidation hypothesis of sleep & memory
during Sleep shortly after studying, system consolidation takes place
there is a hippocampal replay during NREM sleep which leads to the information from the Hippocampus being stored in the Neocortex => strengthening of memories, specifically associations because that’s what’s stored mainly in the Hippocampus
Explain the other hypothesized memory-relevant neural processes during sleep (other than the active system consolidation hypothesis)
Synaptic Homeostasis
during sleep, the learning-induced synaptic potentiation is reversed
global synaptic renormalisation takes place
reorganization & possible deletion of associations => forgetting
When does which hypothesis about memory & sleep make predictions for memory after sleep?
Active System consolidation Hypothesis: predictions if sleep after up to 4-6h after learning
Synaptic Homeostasis: makes predictions for if sleep > 6h after learning
Why does the active system consolidation theory make different predictions for item & associative/source memory?
especially associations are stored in the Hippocampus
items themselves are forgotton because of Synaptic homeostasis
Which type of memory should initially benefit more from sleep?
Source memory should benefit more from sleep
Why is this prediction not well tested with associative memory paradigm?
In this paradigm, if a wrong/no response is given, it is unclear whether it cannot be recalled because of a lack of item memory or of the association
Explain the 12hr wake-sleep design of sleep research as implemented by Berred et al 2024
There is a wake group & a sleep group
wake group: study between 7 & 10 am, 12h retention interval without sleep, source-monitoring-test between 7 & 10 pm
sleep group: study (7-10pm), 12h retention interval with sleeping, source-monitoring test between 7 & 10 am
Which timing detail of the 12hr wake sleep design is crucial for finding strunger sleep benefits in source than item memory in line with the active system consolidation theory?
sleep group should sleep shortly (<4-6h) after learning
What method did Kuhlmann et al use for sleep tracking inn a sample of older adults?
FitBit Charge 4 that was to be worn through the night to get an actigraphy
What three sleep parameters did Kuhlmann et al focus on in relation to Source memory after a 12h retention period with sleep?
Deep Sleep time
wake-after-sleep-onset in minutes
deep sleep -> REM cycles time
Do the results of Kuhlmann et al fit with the active system consolidation theory?
Deep sleep time: positive association but n.s. -> possibly because OA have less deep sleep
Wake after sleep onset in Minutes: negative association as expected
Deep sleep -> REM cycles time: positive correlation as expected
