6 marker/12 marker concept

Question 1

Primary socialisation

Answer 1

is the period early in a person life during which they initially learn and build through experiences and interaction around them

examples -
Familys
religion
media

Question 2

formal processes of social control

Answer 2

refers to mechanisms to reward or punish acceptable and unacceptable behaviours. Formal social control includes direct instruction to do something and formal praise or criticism e.g education, workplace
the goverment - laws

Question 3

informal processes of social control

Answer 3

mechanism to reward on punish acceptable behaviour however they vary ad differ from individual or group to group
e.g nasty looks, media , peer group

Question 4

norms

Answer 4

specific rules for behaviour in specific circumstances e.g wear clothes in public

Question 5

values

Answer 5

general principles of behaviour which proved a frame e,g honesty

Question 6

popular culture

Answer 6

this culture is or ordinary people mass production ( supply the majority)
e.g entertainment/ football global

Question 7

global culture

Answer 7

global culture emerged due to globalisation the world became - interconnected socially, politically and economically

mcdonals

Question 8

consumer culture

Answer 8

a culture in which the consumption of goods and services is the norm

e.g adverstiment

Question 9

disability

Answer 9

a physical on mental conditon that limits a person capacities

physical disbality

Question 10

Nuture

Answer 10

way people are brought up and how their environment moulds their personality and behaviour.

e.g criminal

Question 11

status

Answer 11

person’s rank or position in a particular context. Associated with a status are various expectations

ascribe status - at birth
achieved status - earned e.g qualified nurse or specialist

Question 12

socialisation

Answer 12

process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.

family- language, relationships, intial socal interactions, morals , role models , behaviour

Question 13

Secondary socialisation

Answer 13

process of learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society.
e,g parent

Question 14

social control

Answer 14

A way to regulate, enforce, and encourage conformity to norms both formally and informally

laws

Question 15

customs

Answer 15

fixed mode of behaviour in society, which has been established through the years.

ways of meeting eachother -
shaking hands
kissing

Question 16

roles

Answer 16

comprehensive pattern of behaviour that is socially recognized, providing a means of identifying and placing an individual in a society.

Parent
daughter

Question 17

Nature

Answer 17

discipline that deals with the dynamic aspects of human relationships.

criminal gene

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

combination of shared values, norms, and beliefs of people

media
religion
language

Question 19

subculture

Answer 19

group that has values that are different to the mainstream culture.

goths

Question 20

cultural hybridity

Answer 20

new form of culture created from combining two or more forms of culture

creolisation

Question 21

multiculturalsim

Answer 21

manner in which a given society deals with cultural diversity.

Bolly wood

Question 22

cultural diversity

Answer 22

a situation where different cultural beliefs, values, practices, and strategies exist within a single environment.

Question 23

cultural resistance

Answer 23

e practice of using meanings and symbols, that is, culture, to con test and combat a dominant power

rasifarn

Question 24

high culture

Answer 24

kinds of culture enjoyed by those with higher status (position) in a society. High culture would include activities such as opera, classical music and particular forms of art

Question 25

social class idenity

Answer 25

a division of a society based on social and economic status.

middle class

Question 26

upper class

Answer 26

a group of individuals who occupy the highest place and status in society

values – deferred gratification, future time orientation, An education based around private boarding schools, the employment of domestic staff, A taste for high culture, Particular codes of etiquette and manners

Question 27

middle class

Answer 27

intermediate position between workers and capitalists

Question 28

working class

Answer 28

a lack of discretionary income and capital. This can be applied to both blue collar workers who perform physical labor

Question 29

underclass

Answer 29

lowest social class, consisting of people who are very poor and who are not likely to be able to improve their situation

Question 30

gender identity

Answer 30

individual’s self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles.

Question 31

masculine identity

Answer 31

social roles, behaviours, and meanings prescribed for men in any given society at any one time

aggression

Question 32

feminine identity

Answer 32

social roles, behaviours, and meanings prescribed for women in any given society at any one time

motherly

Question 33

sexuality

Answer 33

person’s capacity for sexual feelings.

lqbtq

Question 34

sexual identity

Answer 34

a component of an individual’s identity that reflects their sexual self-concept.

gay
lesbian

Question 35

ethnic identity

Answer 35

person’s social identity within a larger context based on membership in a cultural or social group

Pakistani

Question 36

ethnic groups

Answer 36

fundamental units of social organization which consist of members who define themselves, or are defined, by a sense of common historical origins that may also include religious beliefs, a similar language, or a shared culture.

irish , jewish

Question 37

age idenity

Answer 37

socially constructed identity that is associated with a status. •The identity and status associated with age are created by individual, social and cultural interpretations.

Question 38

youth

Answer 38

one of the identities which we will experience through our lifetimes. The reason why they are considered identities, as opposed to simple stages, can be attributed to the fact that what we can and can’t do is related to our age.

cant drink
cant smoke

Question 39

middle age

Answer 39

middle age has the highest status,

they’re the people who run the country and hold power at work

Question 40

old age

Answer 40

Age is a socially constructed identity that is associated with a status. •The identity and status associated with age are created by individual, social and cultural interpretations.

wrinkles

Question 41

medical model of disability

Answer 41

disability is caused by the way society is organised. The medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences

Question 42

social model of disability

Answer 42

a way of viewing the world, developed by people with disability. The social model of disability says that people are disabled by barriers in society, such as buildings not having a ramp or accessible toilets, or people’s attitudes, like assuming people with disability can’t do certain things.

Question 43

Nationality

Answer 43

the status of belonging to a particular nation

britsh

Question 44

National identity

Answer 44

a sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language.

Question 45

hybridity

Answer 45

process of the emergence of a culture, in which its elements are being continually transformed or translated through irrepressible encounters.

jay sean
zyan malik

Question 46

hybrid identity

Answer 46

this can occur between individuals or whole cultural practices. An example of this is in the range of foods we have. Tikka Masala is said to be Britain’s

Question 47

Identity is socially constructed

Answer 47

social identity is that it is not fixed or innate but that it is something that changes over time and is constructed through our social interactions with other people.

Question 48

why norms are relative

Answer 48

without norms behaviour would be unpredictable. The standards of behaviour contained in the norms give order to social relation interaction goes smoothly if the individuals follow the group norms.

Question 49

hegemonic gender roles

Answer 49

expectations of the members of society from men and women that, how they ought to behave within a society

Question 50

concept of culture

Answer 50

way of life of a group of people–the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next