6 - Key Policies in the EU Flashcards

1
Q

How the EU carries out its policies

A

through the power of law, rather than money

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2
Q

Legislation vs. execution

A

EU polices are formulated in Brussels but national governments have a monopoly of power in their actual execution

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3
Q

EU jurisdiction

A

Exclusive competencies = only the EU can act in these areas
Shared competencies with MS = MS can act only if the EU has chosen not to
MS competencies = EU can support

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4
Q

Principle of Subsidiarity

A

the decision can be taken at the lowest level possible

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5
Q

3 kinds of policies

A

market-building
market-correcting
market-cushioning

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6
Q

3 modes of policy making

A
  • the community method: qualified majority voting and the ordinary legislative procedure
  • the intergovernmental method - EP is not involved
  • The Open Method of Coordination: a form of soft law, intergovernative, is not binding and does not require MS to make or amend laws
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7
Q

Community method

A
  • sole right of European Commission to initiate legislation
  • co-decision power between the Council and the EP
  • use of QM voting in the Council
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8
Q

Intergovernmental Method

A
  • the commission’s right to initiative is shared with EU countries or confined to specific areas of activity
  • the Council acts unanimously
  • the EP plays a purely consultative role
  • the European Council plays a key role
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9
Q

Market Building Policies

A

liberalization and the creation of a single market which involves the four freedoms

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10
Q

Market Correcting Policies

A

compensate for the cost to particular groups imposed by the building of a single market and to limit inequality

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11
Q

Market Cushioning Policies

A

attempt to limit the potentially harmful effect of market on human beings and the environment

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12
Q

Market-Building Policy: Competition Policy

A

similar to anti-trust laws
Encouraging competition among firms and battling monopolistic practices
The commission is the main player

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13
Q

Trade policy

A

Treaty of Rome:
common market
single external tariff
Commission as negotiator
Treaty of Nice: committee as negotiator but MS decide the EU’s position, often conflict emerges between the two

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14
Q

Economic Monetary Policy (EMP)

A

a common currency created under the Maastricht Treaty
European Central Bank handles this, with main goals as price stability and anti-inflation
National governments can no longer control interest rates

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15
Q

Market Correcting Policies: CAP

A

original aim to increase agricultural production
Now it protects agriculture by controlling prices and levels of production and subsidizing rural life
benefits are distributed unequally to older MS more

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16
Q

Cohesion Policy

A

aims at reducing inequality among regions and at compensating governments of poor countries for the cost of economic integration
introduced with First Enlargement
every MS gets some

17
Q

Market Cushioning Policies: Consumer Protection

A

regulation on product safety, hygiene standards, etc
created the Food Safety Agency

18
Q

Environmental Protection

A

focus has enlarged to areas that are not market-related, such as protecting environmentally sensitive habitats

19
Q

Europeanization Def

A

1) can derive from different stages of the policy process
2) more than a formal policy but also beliefs, values, and norms
3) about the impact on the MS: adoption at the EU level and incorporation at domestic level

20
Q

Positive integration

A

an active supranational policy
EU has negotiated a policy template which has to be downloaded in the MS

21
Q

Negative integration

A

the removal of national barriers to create a common policy