6) Immune Flashcards
Order of Hymenoptera:
= flying insects w/ stingers & 2nd leading cause of anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis effects what 2 systems the most:
Usually only:
= Respiratory & Heart/Vascular systems
(Urticaria can appear like blistering burns)
Systemic only or can be all the above affected
Reaction from frequent
Keep a temp if:
= <102F keep it & w/o antipyretic
CD8
release perforin
Specific cell medicated T cells
Naive CD4 & 8
CD8 takes note & shows bad guy & replicates for bigger macrophage army
Allergic reaction:
Categories:
= exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance
= Mild, Moderate, & life-threatening reaction!
B Lymphocytes/B-Cells) “Naive” B-cells:
B-Cells “school” @:
= cells that have not yet encountered any antigens
“Haven’t graduated yet”
= bone marrow
B Lymphocytes/B-Cells) mature @:
After maturation:
= ”B Bone” Differentiate & mature w/ antigen exposure in the bone marrow
= Estab/ colonies “chill” in peripheral lymp tissue
B Lymphocytes/B-Cells) maturing:
Plasma B-Cell:
Memory B-Cell:
= encountering an antigen, differentiates into 1 of 2 types of cells “graduates & goes into army for “MOS”
= “Grunts” bread down into antibodies (5-7days life) Exposed Respond, Replicate
= “CIA” Look out cells >10K eyes out for 1 “suspect”
Artificially Acquired Immunity
Acquired through vaccinations
Dead virus
Designed to give us protection from exposure to an antigen at some point in the future
Assessment) Allergic reactions can be:
Mild Category:
Moderate Category:
Severe Category:
= local or systemic
= Affecting a local area. May rq only Benadryl
= spread through the body might rq Epi
= Anaphylaxis rq Epi (multi system w/ hypoBP)
B cells if bad:
makes Memory B cells & Plasma cells make (job make antibodies)
Basophils:
Release histamine and heparin
“Like med” body makes heparin for +permabillty local
CD4 / Helper T if bad :
releases &memory T cells cytokines & presents to naive B cells
Dendritic cells:
Have many surface projections
Type of phagocytic cell
Specialized antigen presenting cell “Tells T-cells”
Abundant in the skin and mucosal linings of the lungs & GI tract
Once activated, they migrate to lymph nodes to activate T-cells
T-Cells ~found in Lymph area
Eosinophils:
= Essential in triggering inflammatory response in allergic reactions (Combat parasites)
“All about parasites” Involved in allergic reactions
Signal other cells for increasing capillary permeability
Granulocytes:
Mast Cells:
= Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
= Contain granules rich in histamine and heparin that are released during degranulation
H1 Receptor Location & Effects:
H2 Receptor Location & Effects:
H3 Receptor Location & Effects:
H4 Receptor Location & Effects:
= Smooth Ms & endothelial cells| acute reaction
= Gastric Partial cells | Secretion of gastric acid
= CNS | Modulation of neurotransmission
= Mast, Eosin/phil, & Tcells | Immune Reg/s
HIV cellular effect:
= Kills Helper cells
Honey Bee: Barbed stinger: leaves sac w/ stinger (SAC has more antigen & Histamine)
Sac pumps if still attached so remove w/ card
Killer bees in west texas
Fire Ants: bite then sting u
Alkilitic venom only 1-2 reported deaths
Wasps & Hornets non barbed stingers
How many times must an individual come into contact with an allergen for an anaphylactic reaction to occur?
More than once.
Humoral Specific Immunity
“Seal Team 6”
Branch of immune system that may occur after reexposure to a particular antigen
Occurs in the extracellular fluid
Permanent defense system against a specific antigen resulting in an attack by antibodies
This involves antibodies!!!!
Degranulation releases (histamine kills)
Hymenoptera are
a species of insects, some winged, that sting.
Interferon:
virus alarm
Made from infected cell to warn other cells of virus
A chemical that is released from a virus-invaded cell that provides nonspecific resistance to neighboring unaffected cells.
Interferes with viral replication
Acts as a “Whistle Blower”
warning healthy cells to prepare for a viral attack.
Mast Cells:
Baso & Mast cells for anaphylaxis via degranulation
Antibodies bind to Baso & Mast cells w/ to cause degranulation
Granules releasees w/ Heparin & Mast
Histamine release
Mast biggest vasodiolater
Part of innate
= Contain granules rich in histamine and heparin that are released during degranulation