6: Gas Exchange

Question 1

Tracheae

Answer 1

The network of internal tubes within an insect, used for gas exchange

Question 2

Tracheoles

Answer 2

Dead end tubes that the tracheae divides into

Question 3

Gill filaments

Answer 3

Filaments that are stacked to form the gills

Question 4

Gill lamellae

Answer 4

Sections of the gills that are at right angles to gill filaments, increasing the surface area of the gills

Question 5

Stomata

Answer 5

Minute pores which occur mainly on leaves

Question 6

Guard cells

Answer 6

Cells that can open and close the stomatal pore.

Question 7

Ventilation/breathing

Answer 7

The process by which air is constantly moved in and out of the lungs

Question 8

Inspiration

Answer 8

When the air pressure in the atmosphere is greater than the air pressure inside the lungs, so air is forced into the lungs

Question 9

Expiration

Answer 9

When the air pressure in the lungs is greater than that of the atmosphere, air is forced out of the lungs.

Question 10

Oesophagus

Answer 10

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 11

Stomach

Answer 11

Muscular sac with an inner layer that produces enzymes that are produces enzymes. Role is to store and digest food

Question 12

Ileum

Answer 12

A long muscular tube. Food is further digested on the ileum by enzymes that are produced in its walls

Question 13

Large intestine

Answer 13

Absorbs water

Question 14

Rectum

Answer 14

Where the faeces are stored

Question 15

Salivary glands

Answer 15

Situated near the mouth and secrete amylase

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

Large gland situated below the stomach. It produces a secretion called pancreatic juice

Question 17

Carbohydrases

Answer 17

Enzymes that hydrolyse carbohydrates into monosaccharides

Question 18

Lipases

Answer 18

Enzymes that hydrolyse lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 19

Proteases/peptidases

Answer 19

Enzymes that hydrolyse proteins into amino acids

Question 20

Endopeptidase

Answer 20

Enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds between amino acids in the central region of proteins forming a series of peptide molecules

Question 21

Exopeptidase

Answer 21

Enzymes that hydrolyse the peptide bonds on the terminal amino acids of the peptide molecules

Question 22

Dipeptidase

Answer 22

Enzymes that hydrolyse the bond between two amino acids of a dipeptide. Dipeptidase is membrane-bound part of the cell-surface membrane of epithelial cells

Question 23

Micelles

Answer 23

Tiny lipid droplets

Question 24

Chylomicrons

Answer 24

Structures that form when triglycerides associated with cholesterol and lipoproteins

Question 25

Lacteals

Answer 25

Lymphatic capillaries that are found at the centre of each villus