1: Biological Molecules

Question 1

Polar Molecule

Answer 1

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, e.g. H2O

Question 2

Polymerisation

Answer 2

The process by which many monomer sub-units are joined to form polymer

Question 3

Condensation

Answer 3

Reactions that produce water, e.g. the joining of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide.

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Splitting a molecule into its constituent parts, by adding water.

Question 5

Monosaccharide

Answer 5

A single monomer of carbohydrate

Question 6

Disaccharide

Answer 6

A pair of monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide

Question 7

Polysaccharide

Answer 7

Many monosaccharides combine to form a polysaccharide

Question 8

Glycosidic Bond

Answer 8

The bond between two monosaccharides that forms in a condensation reaction

Question 9

Saturated

Answer 9

A Carbon chain that doesn’t contain any carbon-carbon double bonds.

Question 10

Mono-unsaturated

Answer 10

When there is a single carbon-carbon double bond within the carbon chain

Question 11

Polyunsaturated

Answer 11

When there is more than one carbon-carbon double bond within the carbon chain

Question 12

Peptide bond

Answer 12

The bond that links two amino acids together, between carbon and nitrogen

Question 13

Polypeptide

Answer 13

A chain consisting of many amino acids joined by a peptide bond

Question 14

Activation energy

Answer 14

A minimum amount of energy needed to activate a reaction

Question 15

Active site

Answer 15

A specific region of the enzyme, which is functional, and has a specific shape due to its tertiary structure, where the substrate binds

Question 16

Substrate

Answer 16

The molecule on which the enzyme acts

Question 17

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 17

This forms because the substrate molecule is held within the active site by bonds that temporarily form between certain amino acids of the active site and the groups on the substrate

Question 18

Complementary

Answer 18

The way to describe the shape/structures of a specific substrate and enzyme and how they fit together.

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

A permanent change, meaning the enzyme can no longer function, involving a change to the tertiary structure of the active site.

Question 20

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 20

Enzyme inhibitors which bind to the active site of the enzyme

Question 21

Non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 21

Enzyme inhibitors which bind to the enzyme at a position other than the active site