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AQA AS Biology Definitions > 3: Cell Structure > Flashcards

3: Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Resolution

A

The minimum distance apart that two objects can be in order for them to appear as separate items

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2
Q

Homogenate

A

The fluid that results from homogenisation

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3
Q

Photomicrograph

A

The image that is produced from a transmission electron microscope

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4
Q

Eyepiece Graticule

A

A glass disk that is placed in the eyepiece of a microscope. A scale is etched on the glass disk

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5
Q

Stage micrometer

A

A microscope slide that has a scale etched onto it

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6
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells that have a distinct nucleus and possess membrane-bound organelles

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7
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles

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8
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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9
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Pores which allow the passage of large molecules out of the nucleus

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10
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Granular, jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus

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11
Q

Chromosomes

A

Consists of protein-bound, linear DNA

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

A small spherical region within the nucleoplasm that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes

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13
Q

Cristae

A

Extensions of the inner membrane in mitochondria and provides a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes/proteins

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14
Q

Matrix

A

The remainder of mitochondria, containing proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA. the allows mitochondria to produce some of their own proteins

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15
Q

The chloroplast envelope

A

Double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle

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16
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts

17
Q

Thylakoids

A

In stacks of grana, contains the pigment chlorophyll

18
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The photosynthetic pigment in thylakoids

19
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid-filled matrix in chloroplasts, where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place

20
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Has ribosomes present on the outer surface of the membranes

21
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lacks ribosomes on its surface and is often more tubular in appearance

22
Q

Cisternae

A

Flattened sacs that Golgi apparatus are made of

23
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function

24
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Cells that line the surfaces of organs and often have protective or secretory functions

25
Q

Organs

A

Aggregation of several tissues that perform a specific role

26
Q

Cell wall

A

A physical barrier surrounding plant cells and bacteria, e.g. made of cellulose in plants

27
Q

Capsule

A

A mucilaginous layer of slime, covering bacteria

28
Q

Plasmids

A

Small circular pieces of DNA, in bacteria

29
Q

Capsid

A

A protein coat, that coats the nucleic acid of a virus

30
Q

Attachment proteins

A

Essential to allow the virus to identify and attack to a host cell

31
Q

Mitosis

A

The division of a cell that results in each of the daughter cells having an exact copy of the DNA of the parent cell

32
Q

Interphase

A

The period when a cell is not dividing, but DNA is replicated and cell carries out its functions

33
Q

Prophase

A

When the chromosomes first become visible and the spindle fibres develop

34
Q

Metaphase

A

When the individual chromatids line up at the equator of the cell

35
Q

Anaphase

A

When the spindle fibres pull the individual chromatids apart to the opposite poles of the cell

36
Q

Telophase

A

When the chromosomes reach their respective poles and they become longer and thinner until they disappear

37
Q

Cytokinesis

A

When the cytoplasm divides and the two identical daughter cells are formed

38
Q

Binary fission

A

The process by which cells divide in prokaryotic cells

AQA AS Biology Definitions (10 decks)

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