Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - HN&S anatomy > 6 - Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

6 - Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the roof, floor and lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Roof – orbital plate of frontal bone
Floor – orbital plate of maxillary bone
Lateral wall – greater wing of the sphenoid bone + zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit? (4)

A

Lacrimal bone
Orbital plate of ethmoid
Frontal process of maxilla
Lesser wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What foramen lie just superiorly and inferiorly to the orbit on the anterior surface of the skull?

A

supra-orbital foramen

infra-orbital foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which structures pass through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

(Zygomatic branch of the) maxillary division (V2) of trigeminal nerve
Infraorbital vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

(nerves involved in extrinsic muscle function)
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic division (V1) of trigeminal
Abducens
Ophthalmic veins (superior and inferior)
Sympathetic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the 4 recti muscles and state their origin and insertion.

A

Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Medial Rectus
Origin: common tendinous ring at the back of the eye
Insertion: 5 mm behind the corneal margin (onto the sclera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the innervation of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

A

Lateral Rectus = Abducens (CN 6)
Superior Oblique = Trochlear (CN 4)
Medial Rectus, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique = Oculomotor (CN 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 oblique muscle of the eye?

A

inferior and superior oblique muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique.

A

Origin: orbital surface of maxilla
Insertion: postero-lateral inferior quadrant of the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the origin and insertion of the superior oblique.

A

Origin: body of sphenoid
Insertion: via the trochlea to the postero-lateral superior quadrant of the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

Origin: lesser wing of sphenoid
Insertion: superior tarsal plate and skin of the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

A

Oculomotor and sympathetic to smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the isolated muscle action of the oblique muscles.

A

Superior oblique = depresses AND abducts

Inferior oblique = elevates AND abducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the isolated muscle action of the superior and inferior recti.

A

Superior rectus = elevates AND adducts

Inferior rectus = depresses AND adducts

17
Q

Describe how you would test the muscle actions of medial rectus and lateral rectus

A

medial rectus - adduct
lateral rectus - abduct

NOTE: these are also the isolated muscle actions

18
Q

Describe how you would test the muscle actions of superior rectus and inferior rectus.

A

Superior rectus = make the patient abduct their eye and then elevate it
Inferior rectus = make the patient abduct their eye and then depress it

19
Q

Describe how you would test the muscle actions of superior oblique and inferior oblique.

A

Superior oblique = make the patient adduct their eye and then depress it
Inferior oblique = make the patient adduct their eye and then elevate it

20
Q

Which nerve axons make up the optic nerve?

A

Retinal ganglion cell axons

21
Q

What types of fibres are found within the oculomotor nerve?

A

Motor fibres to MR, SR, IR, IO and LPS
Parasympathetic fibres
The oculomotor nerve has two rami

22
Q

What types of fibres from the eye are found within the trochlear nerve?

A

motor fibres to SO

23
Q

What types of fibres from the eye are found within the abducens nerve?

A

motor fibres to LR

24
Q

What structure do the cranial nerves pass through before reaching the superior orbital fissure?
What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Cavernous sinus

25
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus?

A

either side of the sphenoid bone with folds dura on either side

26
Q

When passing through the cavernous sinus, the major of the nerve pass next to the wall. Which of the nerves passes through the middle?

A

Abducens (CN VI)

27
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve? Which branch is biggest?

A

Nasociliary
Lacrimal
Frontal – this is the largest

28
Q

What are the branches of the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A 
Lacrimal – no branches 
Nasociliary
•	Branch to ciliary ganglion
•	Ethmoidal
•	Infratrochlear
Frontal
•	Supratrochlear
•	Supraorbital
29
Q

What limb of the autonomic nervous system is the ciliary ganglion involved in?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

30
Q

Which fibres enter the ciliary ganglion and which fibres leave the ciliary ganglion?

A

Fibres entering the ciliary ganglion: preganglionic fibres in the inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve
Fibres leaving the ciliary ganglion: postganglionic fibres in the short ciliary nerves

31
Q

What do the fibres leaving the ciliary ganglion innervate?

A

Sphincter pupillae

Ciliary muscle

32
Q

What are the SIX branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A 
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Lacrimal
Ciliary
Muscular branches 
Central artery of the retina
33
Q

Name the two ophthalmic veins and state where they drain.

A

Superior ophthalmic vein = cavernous sinus

Inferior ophthalmic vein = pterygoid plexus

34
Q

Describe the location of the lacrimal glands.

A

Anterolateral superior orbit

35
Q

Describe the innervation of the lacrimal glands

A

Parasympathetic secretomotor fibres of Facial Nerve (CN 7) from the pterygopalatine ganglion via the zygomaticotemporal and, finally, lacrimal nerves

36
Q

Where do the tears initially drain?

A

Lacrimal Sac

37
Q

Via which duct do the tears drain from the lacrimal sac and where does this duct empty?

A

Nasolacrimal duct – empties into the inferior nasal meatus

38
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome and how does it manifest itself in patients?

A

It is caused by a disorder of the sympathetic nerves in the brainstem or cervical region
Presents as:
• Ptosis
• Miosis
• Anhydrosis (lack of sweating around the eye)

Year 2 - HN&S anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions