6: Ethical Standards in Citing

Question 1

significant subject in research that help researchers in maintaining their integrity and is defined as a means of making right decisions relating to the conduct of the study

Answer 1

Ethical Standards

Question 2

can be defined as the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors

Answer 2

Ethics (in research)

Question 3

process of applying moral standards and principles in any undertakings and is used so that a researcher will be able to define right from wrong

Answer 3

Ethics (in research)

Question 4

serves a vital role in conducting a research study

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

promotes essential values that helps researchers to have a common understanding and work on a topic harmoniously and binds different experts together in the spirit of important values

Answer 5

Ethics

Question 6

8 Principles of Ethics in Research

Answer 6

1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property
7. Trustworthiness
8. Social and Legal Responsibility

Question 7

researcher must secure transparency in upholding honesty in producing their study

Answer 7

Honesty

Question 8

researchers must see to it that all borrowed intellectual property must be cited accurately

Answer 8

Honesty

Question 9

researchers must see to it that they are free from any form of bias in all aspects of their research

Answer 9

Objectivity

Question 10

researcher must secure that the study holds sincerity and consistency and must see to it that all parts promised and presented must be kept

Answer 10

Integrity

Question 11

researchers must see to it that the conduct of the study must be free from any carelessness and errors of negligence as all important data must be kept for future uses

Answer 11

Carefulness

Question 12

researchers must see to it that they are open-minded people wherein they can accept suggestions from others and they can handle constructive criticisms

Answer 12

Openness

Question 13

good researcher must see to it that they practice proper citation of borrowed statements and give due credits to the owners

Answer 13

Respect for Intellectual Property

Question 14

researcher must secure that any data or information in the study, especially those from surveys and other data gathering procedures, must be used according to its proper and allotted usage only

Answer 14

Trustworthiness

Question 15

researchers must keep the confidentiality of every data gathered and must protect its privacy

Answer 15

Trustworthiness

Question 16

researchers must abide with the legalities, rules, and regulations set by their partner institution or organization

Answer 16

Social and Legal Responsibility

Question 17

refers to the view that values are relative in the sense that a person feels their value is better than others’ value

Answer 17

Ethical Relativism

Question 18

refers to values that are translated into rules of standard of conduct

Answer 18

Ethical Principles

Question 19

refers to situations where an evident conflict between values and principles and the choice of action needs to be decided

Answer 19

Ethical Dilemma

Question 20

4 types of Scientific Misconduct

Answer 20

1. Fabrication and Falsification of Data
2. Non-publication of Data
3. Faulty Data Gathering Procedures
4. Plagiarism

Question 21

“cooking of data”

Answer 21

Fabrication and Falsification of Data

Question 22

scientific misconduct involving production of data without an actual experimentation or altering data in recoding for the intention to fit them to what are expected

Answer 22

Fabrication and Falsification of Data

Question 23

involves choosing not to include data because they do not conform to the well-established body of knowledge or are unsupportive of the research hypothesis and only the results that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published

Answer 23

Non-publication of Data

Question 24

negligence or carelessness that lead to errors in measurement or faulty research instruments which errors that may also be caused by inappropriate application of treatment to the subjects and poor data recording

Answer 24

Faulty Data Gathering Procedures

Question 25

fraudulent act that involves claiming another person’s ideas, work, or publication

Answer 25

Plagiarism

Question 26

form of intellectual property stealing and dishonesty that usually happens in scientific publications

Answer 26

Plagiarism

Question 27

4 types of Plagiarism

Answer 27

Copy and Paste Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Misattribution Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism

Question 28

plagiarism that involves copying information word-by-word without giving due credit to the sources and can be avoided by the use of quotation marks and properly citing the authors

Answer 28

Copy and Paste Plagiarism

Question 29

changing only some words in the copied information while the sentence structure remains the same

Answer 29

Mosaic Plagiarism

Question 30

wrongly citing a specific information to the wrong author or to non-existing authors

Answer 30

Misattribution Plagiarism

Question 31

if an author republishes their work

Answer 31

Self-Plagiarism

Question 32

2 forms of Self-Plagiarism

Answer 32

Duplication

Replication

Question 33

can be committed once a researcher copies and submits their paper without proper citations

Answer 33

Duplication

Question 34

multiple case of duplication

Answer 34

Replication