6: Ethical Standards in Citing Flashcards
significant subject in research that help researchers in maintaining their integrity and is defined as a means of making right decisions relating to the conduct of the study
Ethical Standards
can be defined as the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors
Ethics (in research)
process of applying moral standards and principles in any undertakings and is used so that a researcher will be able to define right from wrong
Ethics (in research)
serves a vital role in conducting a research study
Ethics
promotes essential values that helps researchers to have a common understanding and work on a topic harmoniously and binds different experts together in the spirit of important values
Ethics
8 Principles of Ethics in Research
- Honesty
- Objectivity
- Integrity
- Carefulness
- Openness
- Respect for Intellectual Property
- Trustworthiness
- Social and Legal Responsibility
researcher must secure transparency in upholding honesty in producing their study
Honesty
researchers must see to it that all borrowed intellectual property must be cited accurately
Honesty
researchers must see to it that they are free from any form of bias in all aspects of their research
Objectivity
researcher must secure that the study holds sincerity and consistency and must see to it that all parts promised and presented must be kept
Integrity
researchers must see to it that the conduct of the study must be free from any carelessness and errors of negligence as all important data must be kept for future uses
Carefulness
researchers must see to it that they are open-minded people wherein they can accept suggestions from others and they can handle constructive criticisms
Openness
good researcher must see to it that they practice proper citation of borrowed statements and give due credits to the owners
Respect for Intellectual Property
researcher must secure that any data or information in the study, especially those from surveys and other data gathering procedures, must be used according to its proper and allotted usage only
Trustworthiness
researchers must keep the confidentiality of every data gathered and must protect its privacy
Trustworthiness
researchers must abide with the legalities, rules, and regulations set by their partner institution or organization
Social and Legal Responsibility
refers to the view that values are relative in the sense that a person feels their value is better than others’ value
Ethical Relativism
refers to values that are translated into rules of standard of conduct
Ethical Principles
refers to situations where an evident conflict between values and principles and the choice of action needs to be decided
Ethical Dilemma
4 types of Scientific Misconduct
- Fabrication and Falsification of Data
- Non-publication of Data
- Faulty Data Gathering Procedures
- Plagiarism
“cooking of data”
Fabrication and Falsification of Data
scientific misconduct involving production of data without an actual experimentation or altering data in recoding for the intention to fit them to what are expected
Fabrication and Falsification of Data
involves choosing not to include data because they do not conform to the well-established body of knowledge or are unsupportive of the research hypothesis and only the results that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published
Non-publication of Data
negligence or carelessness that lead to errors in measurement or faulty research instruments which errors that may also be caused by inappropriate application of treatment to the subjects and poor data recording
Faulty Data Gathering Procedures
fraudulent act that involves claiming another person’s ideas, work, or publication
Plagiarism
form of intellectual property stealing and dishonesty that usually happens in scientific publications
Plagiarism
4 types of Plagiarism
Copy and Paste Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Misattribution Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
plagiarism that involves copying information word-by-word without giving due credit to the sources and can be avoided by the use of quotation marks and properly citing the authors
Copy and Paste Plagiarism
changing only some words in the copied information while the sentence structure remains the same
Mosaic Plagiarism
wrongly citing a specific information to the wrong author or to non-existing authors
Misattribution Plagiarism
if an author republishes their work
Self-Plagiarism
2 forms of Self-Plagiarism
Duplication
Replication
can be committed once a researcher copies and submits their paper without proper citations
Duplication
multiple case of duplication
Replication
