3: Related Literatures and Citations Flashcards
one of the major components of a research paper that gives an overview of all the writings relative to a specific topic
Review of Related Literatures
2 Types of RRL Sources
Primary Source
Secondary Source
publications or writings wherein a researcher reports the results of their own studies
Primary Source
publications or writings wherein a certain author describes the work of another author
Secondary Source
it is preferable to use to avoid tampering and miscommunications on the data
Primary Sources
4 Characteristics of a reliable RRL
- The sources that you should use must be new or recent as possible
- It must be unbiased and objective as possible
- It must be relevant to your topic
- It must be in adequate number, not too few nor too many
important to avoid complications and problems on the authenticity of your data once your paper is already published
Proper Citation
defined as a means of informing your readers that a certain information came from a specific source and you just borrowed it to widen the explanation of a certain situation or data of your research
Citation
2 manners of citation
In-text Citation
Referencing List
refers to all the citations that can be found in all of the chapters in your research paper
In-text Citation
Common manner of in-text citation
Author’s name
Date of publication
Page number
(Chua, 2022 pg. 69)
refers to a bibliography and/or references of your research paper that holds the summary of the information of all of your sources
Referencing List
Manner of citation in referencing lists
Author's name Date of publication Page number Publisher Place of publishing Volume Edition Other relevant info
3 guidelines to consider in in-text citations
By author or writer
By topic
Chronological
method of citation where all data and information from the sources are discussed or explained separately
By author or writer
the information coming from a specific author is discussed separately from others
By author or writer
method of citation used when a number of authors or sources gives the same information about a certain topic wherein the citation of the information will be granted to all of the authors
By topic
citing literatures that involves sequencing the information based on the year it was published
Chronological
sources are arranged from earliest to latest
Chronological
3 most common citation styles
APA
MLA
CMS
APA
American Psychological Association
citation commonly used when a researcher works in social science related studies
American Psychological Association Format
follows an author-date format wherein the needed information for its in-text citation is the author’s surname and year of publising
American Psychological Association Format
“et al.”
“and others”
“n.d.”
“nodate”
MLA
Modern Language Association
commonly used citation styles in research papers which concerns in liberal arts and humanities
Modern Language Association Format
follows and author-page format wherein the authors’ surname and the page number where the source is found is needed
Modern Language Association Format
CMS
Chicago Manual of Style Format
citation style that present two basic documentation systems that differ from the subject matter and the sources cited
Chicago Manual of Style
2 basic documentation systems in CMS
Notes and Bibliography
Author-date
documentation system preferred in researches concerning the field of humanities such as literature, arts, and history
Motes and Bibliography System
footnotes and end note are placed at the bottom part of the paper and holds a complete information relative to the source
Notes and Bibliography System
commonly used when a researcher pursues studies in line with physical, natural and social sciences
Author-Date System
used the author’s surname and date of publication (+page number) with the complete information given in the bibliography section
Author-date System
other means of citing literatures commonly noted in the references/bibliography section of the paper
Referencing List
