6. Diseases of the male breast

Question 1

Definition of gynaecomastia

Answer 1

Enlargement of the male breast, may be unilateral or bilateral, presenting as a button-like subareolar enlargement

Question 2

Causes of gynaecomastia

Answer 2

1. Drug-induced (most common cause)
2. Testicular atrophy (e..g in Klinefelter syndrome)
3. Liver cirrhosis (leads to hyperestrinism)
4. Estrogen-secreting tumours of testis or adrenal gland
5. Hyperprolactinemia

Question 3

Morphology of gynaecomastia

Answer 3

1. [Grossly]
   - Oval, elastic, with well-circumscribed borders
   - Firm, grey-white cut surface
2. [Histologically]
   - Proliferation of ducts without lobules
   - Dense periductal stromal fibrosis with micropapillary hyperplasia of duct lining

Question 4

Breast carcinoma in male

Answer 4

extremely rare