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CEDO > 6: Detection and Measurement > Flashcards

6: Detection and Measurement Flashcards

1
Q

As per section 31 of Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices Regulations, every CEDO must use what 4 items at ALL TIMES?

A
  1. Survey meter
  2. DRD
  3. PAD
  4. Dosimeter issues by licensed dosimeter service - TLD/OSL
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2
Q

Survey meters and Geiger counters measure what?

A

Dose rate

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3
Q

A DRD measures what?

A

Exposure dose

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4
Q

A PAD measures what?

A

Dose rate and accumulated dose

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5
Q

A TLD & OSL measure what?

A

Accumulated dose

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6
Q

Define dose rate:

A

Measure of ionization of air per unit of time

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7
Q

Define exposure dose:

A

Quantity of radiation upon object

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8
Q

Define absorbed/accumulated dose:

A

Amount of energy deposited in matter in radiation field (in RAD or Gy)

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9
Q

Who must provide, maintain and calibrate all essential instruments (that you must have during every exposure)?

A

Licensee who authorizes you to use an exposure device

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of survey meters?

A
  1. Ionization Chamber

2. Geiger Muller Detector

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11
Q

Describe a ionization chamber survey meter:

A

Cylindrical container filled with gas (usually air) — ionization of gas molecules is able to detect

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12
Q

What does an ionization chamber survey meter contain?

A

Gas filled chamber with 2 electrodes, amplifier to amplify very small current from chamber, readout device - digital/analogue

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13
Q

What is the radiation scale on a ionization chamber survey meter?

A

1 to 100 mR/h

0.1 to 10 R/h

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14
Q

How is a Geiger Muller survey meters sensitivity compared to an ionization chamber?

A

Detects much lower dose, uses much high voltage and a gas (argon)

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15
Q

What does a Geiger Muller survey meter react with?

A

Ions coming in (instead of air).

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16
Q

A digital survey meter records dose rates as low as what?

A

0.01 mSv/h

17
Q

A contamination detector is also called a what?

A

Pancake detector

18
Q

What does a contamination detector read in?

A

Counts per minute (CPM)

19
Q

What range of DRD’s are used in industrial radiography?

A

5 mSv (500 mR)

20
Q

What is the low range of DRDs?

A

0-200 mR

0-500 mR

21
Q

What is the middle range of DRDs?

A

0-1000 mR
2 R
0-5 R
0-20 R

22
Q

What is the high range of DRDs?

A

0-100 R
0-200 R
0-600 R

23
Q

What is the method of measurement used in a DRD?

A

Uses a conductive quartz fibre attached to collecting electrode (anode)

24
Q

What 2 types of radiation do DRDs only measure?

A

X and gamma

25
Q

When does a PAD go off?

A

2-5 mSv

26
Q

Who supplies the TLD?

A

Bureau of Radiation and Medical Devices

27
Q

When and to who must a TLD be returned?

A

To the licensee at end of 15 day period

28
Q

What does a TLD contain?

A

Lithium fluoride chips of different thickness, shielded by metal foil which store energy until heated

29
Q

What does an OSL contain?

A

Aluminum oxide and filters in water resistant blister pack.

30
Q

What can TLD & OSL not be exposed to?

A

High temp, water or sunlight

31
Q

Describe a Ring Dosimeter:

A
  1. Worn in dominant hand - monitors exposure to hands and fingers
  2. Contains lithium fluoride chips and determined the same way as TLD
    * like TLD, can’t be shared with another*
32
Q

As per CNSC regulations, what is the min range of survey meter?

A

20 microSv/h - 100 mSv/h

2 mR/h - 10 R/h

33
Q

What is the principle of an ionization chamber?

A
  1. Based on ionization of air.

2. Ions created migrate toward an electrode of opposite polarity — causes current to measure

34
Q

One disadvantage of the Geiger Muller which limits its use in field?

A

Can become saturated and inoperable for a short period of time.

35
Q

What dosimeters keep your lifetime dose?

A

TLD & OSL

36
Q

What are the 2 chips in the TLD used for?

A

One measures whole body, second measure dose to skin

37
Q

How is radiation measured from TLD?

A

Chips heated, trapped electrons return to original position, visual light emitted, light read by photomultiplier tube.

38
Q

How often must a DRD be read?

A

Minimum 2x daily

CEDO (9 decks)

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