6. CVD - NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Question 1

VIDEO

Answer 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUzTDMV5gHU

Question 2

CVD

Answer 2

2. Includes hereditary issues as well as developed conditions such as heart disease.
3. Caused by Build up of fatty deposits/ plaque in arteries, restricting blood flow.
4. Risk factors include: Obesity, Smoking, Poor diet/high cholesterol, high blood pressure, alcohol consumption.

Question 3

UK

Answer 3

1. Advanced Country in Europe.
2. 5th largest economy in world
3. Single healthcare provider NHS
4. CVD causes 34% of deaths in UK

Question 4

HUMAN FACTORS

Answer 4

1. Socioeconomic Inequalities:
   o Premature Deaths: Patients from the most deprived areas are more likely to experience premature deaths due to CVD. Risks factors - wealthy more likely to receive preventative care
2. Access to Healthcare:
3. Lifestyle Factors: Diet & Smoking
4. Stress and Mental Health:
5. Occupational Hazards: Stress & shift work
6. Culture differences - diet, lifestyle, helathcare
   Genetics: People of South Asian and Black African or African Caribbean background have an increased risk of developing CVD.

Question 5

PREVALENCE/INCIDENCE?PATTERNS

Answer 5

o Approximately 7.6 million have CVD
o Around 4 million males and 3.6 million females are affected by heart and circulatory diseases1.
o Scotland: & NOrth East England highest rates

2. Incidence:
   Atrial Fibrilation & Strokes have highest prevalence
3. Mortality:
   o CVDs cause approximately 27% of all deaths - 500 per day

Question 6

SOCIOECONOMIC IMOACTS

Answer 6

1. Economic Burden:
   o Healthcare Costs: £7.4 billion
   £15.8 billion cost to UK economy
   o
2. Productivity Loss: low productivity & absenenteeism
3. Social Care Costs:
4. Health Inequalities–> affects disadavnatged
5. Quality of Life: reduced
6. Psychosocial Impact: CVD–> stress

Question 7

GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES

Answer 7

1. Direct Strategies:
   * NHS Health Checks:
   o Purpose: Identifies risk factors
2. Medication Prescriptions:
   o Common Medications: statins
   o Impact: help control blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and prevent complications.
3. Risk Factor Management:
   o Stop Smoking /Reduce Alcohol/Reduce obesity Programmes/Enccourage execrcise via support lifestyle interventions and education.
4. Indirect Strategies:
   Public Awareness Campaigns: adopt healthy behaviors.

o Data Utilization:
 Health Surveillance- Understand inequlaity, regional differences, tretament times

3. Collaboration and Leadership:
   o Integrated Care Systems (ICSs):

Question 8

INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

Answer 8

o Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs: Prevent & Treatment

o Monitoring and Surveillance: T

Question 9

SUCCESS

Answer 9

o Since the establishment of the British Heart Foundation (BHF), the annual number of deaths from heart and circulatory diseases in the UK has fallen by nearly half.

o The UK’s death rate from CVD has declined by three-quarters since 19613.