4. SWINE FLU & HIV BOTSWANA - OTHER STRATEGIES TO COMBAT PANDEMICS Flashcards
International Organisations Role
Leadership - set goals, norms
Data & surveillance
R&D
Funding
Resources - equipment & People
Education
BUT TO BE EFFECTIVE THEY NEED TO WORK WITH NATIONAL GOVERNMNETS & COMMUNITIES
EPIDEMIC
PANDEMIC
A Disease that Spreads quickly
A Disease which affects most or all age groups within months which spreads world wide
MANAGING A PANDEMIC - SWINE FLU
Global organisation
Spread due to Global Mobility
Mix of direct & indirect strategies
Emerged in Mexico in 2009
PANIC
Similar to Spanish Flu
No vaccine/treatment/community immunity
ROLE OF GLOBAL ORG
WHO declared emergency April 2009
Spread to USA & others
WHO Declared Pandemic June 2009
PREVALENCE
ACs due to global mobility
Affected under 65s60 million cases in USA
300K in hospital
12500 dead
CONTROL/MITIGATION
Border control, research, vaccine research
Tami Flu Meds - direct
Education - belaviour change - indirect
HIV IN BOTSWANA
Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjdqw9rXXd8
HIV
Emerged USA 1981
32 million died from AIDS
76 million infected HIV - 26 million on ART
1 in 25 in Sub-Sharan Africa
350K living with it in BOtswana
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIY INVOLVEMENT
WHO, UNICEF & GLOBAL FUND
plus National Governments
NGOs
STRATEGIES (DIRECT (D) & INDIRECT (ID) )
PREVENT
D- condoms, needle exchange
ID- Awareness, edcuation, community stigma-reduction programmes
TREATEMENT
Antti Retroviral drugs eg DOLUTEGRAVIR (GSK drug)
Pre-exposure drugs - prevent infection under consideration for use
CONTROL (Diagnosis & Monitoring)
Routine testing (mobile & fixed)
Screening –> early diagnosis
CHALLENGES
Culture/stigma
Iletreacy
Resources at local level
Poverty
healthcare system immature
COVID 19
Masks
Lockdowns
Social Distancing
Travel Restrictions
Vaccination
EBOLA
Community Engagement
Isaolation
SAfe BUrial Oarctices
PPE
Vaccination
